| 1 | Shin et al. 2008 [14] | 66 Patients with acute toxic exposure at emergency department in an industrial complex | Retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients exposed to toxic materials in the work places from April 2006 to March 2008 | Cause of exposure: not wearing protective equipment (26%), exposure due to a carelessness (18%), unknown or unexpected accident (56%) |
| | | | Toxic materials: hydrofluoric acid (15%), hydrochloric acid (12%), sodium hydroxide (11%), ammonia (11%), metals (11%), and others |
| | | | Toxicity occurred: by contacts (77%), by inhalation (23%), and none by oral ingestion |
| 2 | Han et al. 2009 [15] | Total 17 hydrofluoric acid chemical injury patients | Retrospective review of the medical records of patients who were exposed to hydrofluoric acid from March 2004 to March 2009 and who were seen at the emergency centers in two university teaching hospitals | Interval time from exposure to visiting for care: 10.4 hours |
| | | | Occupation: glassworker (23.5%), welder and gilder (17.7%), tile washing (41.1%), researcher (17.7%) |
| | | | Protection: chemical resistance glove (35.5%), water irrigation (29.4%) |
| 3 | Lee et al. 2010 [16] | 1,544 cases of intoxication during the study period | Retrospective review of the medical records of intoxication patients who visited the emergency department of a high end medical facility from January 1998 to June 2009 | The most commonly ingested intoxication substances were therapeutic drugs (87.7%); sedatives, analgesics etc, industrial chemicals (1%), metals (0.1%), toxic gases (1.1%), pesticides (10.6%) |
| 4 | Shin et al. 2015 [17] | 460 patients who visited emergency department due to chemical incident occurred at industrial place | Retrospective review of the medical records of chemical injury patients who visited the emergency department | Chemical incidents occurred releasing: polyester, hydrogen fluoride, nitric acid, acetic acid, chlorine, 1, 2-dichloropropane, aluminum compound. |
| | | | 35 Chemical confirmed that evoked injury |
| | | | Most common injury was chemical burn (47.1%) |