Table 2. Enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for elective colorectal surgery

Author	Study design	Study population	Patients (n)	Outcomes	P-value
Length of stay (days)
Quiram et al. [31]	Multicenter, Retrospective	Elective RC, MIS	600	3 vs. 5	<0.001
Meillat et al. [29]	Retrospective	Elective CRC	320	5.8 vs. 8.2	<0.001
Wang et al. [30]	Retrospective	Elective CRC	542	7.73 vs. 10.96	<0.001
Vignali et al. [32]	Retrospective	Elective RC, MIS	297	8.9 vs. 12.1	<0.001
Cristóbal et al. [33]	Prospective	Elective RC, MIS	300	5 vs. 7	<0.001
Simpson et al. [24]	Retrospective	Elective colectomy	4,363	6 vs. 7	<0.001
Pędziwiatr et al. [26]	Prospective	Elective colectomy	92	3 vs 5	0.014
Liu et al. [25]	Multicenter, Retrospective	Elective colectomy	3,768	4.2 vs. 5.1	<0.001
Tampo et al. [8]	Retrospective	Elective colectomy	267	5.8 vs. 7.9	<0.001
Toh et al. [14]	Retrospective	Elective colectomy	171	7.0 vs. 10.8	0.024
Kim et al. [15]	Retrospective	Elective stoma reversal	108	2.3 vs. 4.1	<0.001
Dag et al. [27]	RCT	Elective colectomy	199	5.5 vs. 9.0	<0.001
Lau et al. [28]	RCT	Elective colectomy	111	5.0 vs. 7.0	0.01
Complication rate (%)
Quiram et al. [31]	Multicenter, Retrospective	Elective RC, MIS	600	34.7 vs. 54.3	<0.001
Meillat et al. [29]	Retrospective	Elective CRC	320	21.3 vs. 34.4	0.002
Cristóbal et al. [33]	Prospective	Elective CRC, MIS	300	28.0 vs. 46.0	0.002
Pędziwiatr et al. [26]	Prospective	Elective colectomy	92	9.4 vs. 56.0	0.014
Liu et al. [25]	Multicenter, Retrospective	Elective colectomy	2,406	14.7 vs. 18.1	0.02
Barberan-Garcia et al. [36]	RCT	Elective abdominal surgery	144	31.0 vs. 62.0	0.001
Garfinkle et al. [34]	Retrospective	Elective colectomy	40,446	14.9 vs. 20.3	<0.001
Ripollés-Melchor et al. [35]	Multicenter, Prospective	Elective colectomy	2,084	25.2 vs. 30.3	0.01
Flatus resumption time (days)
Wang et al. [30]	Retrospective	Elective CRC	542	2.3 vs. 2.9	<0.001
Vignali et al. [32]	Retrospective	Elective RC, MIS	297	2.1 vs. 3.3	<0.001
Lau et al. [28]	RCT	Elective colectomy	111	3.7 vs. 4.8	0.04
Overall survival rate (%)
Quiram et al. [31]	Multicenter, Retrospective	Elective RC, MIS	600	91.4 vs. 81.7	<0.001
Tidadini et al. [37]	Retrospective	Elective CRC	1,001	76.1 vs. 69.2	0.017
Tidadini et al. [38]	Retrospective	Elective CRC	661	73.1 vs. 64.4	0.016

ERAS, enhanced recovery after surgery ; RC, rectal cancer; MIS, minimally invasive surgery; CRC, colorectal cancer; RCT, randomized controlled trial.