Congenital Pelger-Huët anomaly is an autosomal dominant disorder affection leukocyte differentiation manifested by the presence of unsegmented of bilobed nuclei with increased condensation, but it is generally assumed that it has no clinical effects. We observed a case of congenital Pelger-Huët anomaly in 9 year-old boy. He was admitted to Ewha Womans University Hospital due to fever and diagnosed as viral infection of upper respiratory tract. On routine peripheral blood examination, we found majority of the neutrophils had uni-or bilobed nuclei. In familial examination, his mother & brother have had Pelger-Huët anomaly without any significant symptoms. On neutrophil function test, moderate defect of chemotaxis was noted.

Recently, the incidence of perinatal death in this country has considerably decreased by th improved antenatal care, increased hospital deliveries and developed resuscitative measures, but is still higher than that of developed country.

We studied about periatal death in order to prove more accurate cause of death by autopsy. We have observed perinatal death occuring in EWHA Woman's Hospital during about 11 year period from April, 1981 to May, 1992. The subjects of our study were 77 cases of still birth and 179 cases of neonatal deaths among 256 cases of total deliveries.

The results of the study were as follows;

1) The ratio of male vs female cases of autopsy was 1.69:1.

2) On distribution birth weight and gestational age, low birth weight under 2500gm occupied 62.5% (160 of 256 cases) and preterm babies were 52.7% (135 of 256 cases).

3) The majority of neonatal death occured within 24 hours of age.

4) The perinatal mortality rate was highest in the maternal age group 25~29.

5) In terms of relation between maternal complications during pregnancy and perinatal mortality, the most frequent disorder was previous IUFD(15.4%) and followed by preeclampsia (14.8%). hydroamnion (13.0%). placenta previa(10.5%) and infection(9.9%) etc.

6) The most common cause of periantal death was prematurity with HMD(26.9%) followed by malformation(26.2%), infection & inflammation(17.2%), intraventricular hemorrage(6.3%) and aspiration SD(5.9%) etc.

7) About fourty percent of congenital malformations were multiple(41.8%) and anencephaly and hydrocephaly were the most frequent in single malformation.

There is still controversy about the optimum age for measles vaccination. This study was undertaken to collect reliable data in order to determine to optimum age for measles vaccination for our children.

ELISA test was done in 136 cord sera and in 91 non-immunized infants against measles. The results were as follows

1) There is no significant difference of measles antibody titers by gestational age.

2) A significant downward trend was found in measles antibody titers from early infancy to 12 month of age.

The present report described the cytogenetic findings in 262 cases under the age of 15 years were suspected as having chromosomal abnormalities clinically at department of pediatrics. Ewha womans university hospital. from May 1982 to April 1992.

The following results were obtained

1) Chromosomal abnormalities were found in 81(35%) of the cases studied.

2) Age distribution revealed 54% of all children subjected to chromosomal analysis to be under 1 month of age.

3) Sex distribution revealed boy to girl ratio to be 1.1:1.

4) In children with Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, Patau syndrome, Cri-du-Chat syndrome, Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, growth and mental retardation, hematooncologic disease, multiple congenital anomaly were observed in 74%, 64%, 50%. 20%. 33%. 33%, 12%. 13% and 16% respectively.

5) The most frequent karyotype revealed in Down syndrome was 2l-trisomy type(94%). followed by translocation type(4%) and mosaicism type(2%).

6) The most frequent karyotype revealed in Edwards syndrome was 18-trisomy type(88%), followed by mosaicism type(12%).

7) The most frequent karyotype revealed in Patau syndrome was translocation type(67%) followed by 13-trisomy type(33%).

8) Among the various other clinical conditions such as sexual organ abnormality, failure to growth and mental retardation, hematooncologic disease, multiple congenital anomaly and other suspected chromosomal anomaly, chromosomal abnormality was found in 15 cases(10%) of 148 cases.

9) The maternal age of Down syndrome at delivary was between 20-29 years in 57%.

Carboxyhemoglobin, Retiulocyte. Haemoglobin and Bilirubin levels measured in 50 conseutive normal term(n=30) and preterm(n=20) babies.

Newborn of RBC incompatibility and severe jaundice of various etiologies were exluded.

In normal newborn of signifiant correlation was found between the cord and third day values for carboxyhaemoglobin, bilirubin, retiulocyte, and haemoglobin levels(p<.005).

Third day carboxyhemoglobin values were correlated to bilirubin levels(p<0.005).

No significant difference was found between term and preterm babies and also third day and sixth day values.

It was concluded that increased rates of haemolysis due to as yet unspecified cause play an important role in the non-specific hyperbilirubinemia of healthy newborns.

Carbon monoxide impairs oxygen transport to tissue when combined with hemoglobin in blood, leading to hypoxic damage of the organs, especially in central nervous system.

Methylxanthine such as Caffeine and Theophylline have been used for apena of pretern baby and hypoxic ischemic encephalopaty.

The purpose of this study was to see the effects of Caffeine and Aminophylline on activity disturbance of hypoxic damage induced by carbon monoxide poisoning.

The results poisoning :

1) The effects of carbon monoxide intoxication on activity response : Compare to the activity of control group of 588, 589, 501, 525, 378 at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 min. CO poisoning group showed 92, 39, 42, 36, 27 and 25, respectively.

2) The effects of caffeine on CO poisoning induced activity disturbance : With Caffeine administration, the activity at 10 min was 87, similar to control group. but increases to 210, 255, 233, 278 at 20, 30, 40 and 50 min, respectively.

3) The effects of Aminophylline on CO poisoning induced activity disturvance. With Aminophylline administaration the activity was significantly increased to 77, 208, 169, 142, 187, 162 at 10 to 50 min., respectively, compare to CO poisoning group.

5289 pediatric age group patients in the emergency room in E.W.U. Hospital during 3 years from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1982.

The results were obtained as follow

1) Among the patients visiting the emergency room, the patients under the 15 years of age were 29.1% of total emergency patients.

2) The male to female ratio was 1.7:1.

3) Monthly distribution of patients showed progressive increasing from May to October, and the high incidence in October.

4) Most frequent diseases was respiratory disease(21.8%), followed by accident(18.3%), gastrointestinal disease(16.5%) and neurologic disease(9.8%).

5) In the respiratory disease, the most frequent disease was upper respiratory infection(59.3%), followed by pneumonia(10.2%) and bronchiolitis(5.3%). In the accident, the most frequent disease was trauma(52.4%). In the gastrointestinal disease, the most frequent disease was gastroenteritis(84.6%). In the neurologic disease, the most frequent disease was febrile convulsion(43.9%). In the neonatal disease, the most frequent disease was neonatal hyperbilirubinemia(24.8%).

6) Adimission rate through emergency room was 32%.