This article is investigating the general status of hospital computerization and doctors' reactions to these changes in four general hospitals. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from two university-affiliated hospitals and two private general hospitals in Seoul. The questionnaire survey was conducted in 1996, and the data contain 81 doctors from four hospitals. We also collected in-depth-interview data from 8 doctors in these hospitals. We revewed the general status of information system and utilization level in general hospitals and analyzed doctors' response to these changes focusing on four areas of medical care ; 1) jobs and functions of the doctors in patient care; 2) doctors' autonomy and their status ; 3) doctors' relations with other personnel; and 4) the quality of medical care. The results are :

1) The general status of information system in general hospitals are limited to the comput-erization of the administrative part, and thus very few hospitals employ information system directly to the patient care.

2) In terms of doctors' job and functions, the computerization of the administrative part of hospital works increased the efficiency of doctors' patient care in charting, keeping and sear-ching data, but put more burden on them for doing double jobs of hand-writing and comput-erization.

3) The autonomy of doctors and their status have not been noticeably changed in the process so far, but there appears a possibility that doctors could defend themselves to the manager's control over them through information system.

4) The computerization of the hospital works tends to reduce an unnecessary face-to-face interaction, which is expected to facilitate communications in the hospital. There are also some changes in the relationship between doctors and semi-professional personnels such ans, nurse and medical technicians.

5) Doctors pointed out that a few positive effects of the computerization on the quality of medical care on patients' side have emerged and thus expected improvement in the quality of medical care in the future.

This study was performed to analyse the social character of Koreans which was percepted bycollege students, and to compare with the social charater presented by the previous researches.The evaluation method was the opened questionaire which was composed of the content,Which is the unique and major social charater of Koreans?. The subjects of this survey were500 college students sampled by random sampling method.

The results of this study were as follows :

1) These traits were Presented as the major social charater of koreans : first quick-tempered,second emotional and affectionate, third lack of accuracy, fourth sensitive toward other'sresponse, fifth familialistic and collectivistic, sixth show-off, seven self-centered, eighth resistant to change, ninth introverted, tenth authoritative trait.

2) The neucler traits among 10 social carater of Koreans was e emotinal and affectionate,familialistic and collectivistic tendency which was consistant with the previous research results.

3) It was found that compared the results of this study with the previous researches, the social chararter of emotinality and affectionateness was continued but the authoritative trait wasdecresed and the quirk-temperedness was intensified.

This study analysed Korean concepts of sexuality presented through traditional proverbs in order to understand the past sexual concepts of Koreans. Out of 2,5000 proverbs, 456 of them are related to sexual concepts.

The analysed proverbs in conclusion can be summarized in three ways as follows.

First, sex has been classified as sex for reproduction among couples outside marriage so resulting in dualistic sexual concepts about sexual function.

Second, the pleasure seeking sexual activity resulted in conflict within the family so that this family conflict lead to the negative sexual concept as sex is dangerous and must be guarded.

Third, pleasure seeking sexual desire for male is regarded to be universal while for female is recognized as a peculiarity. Thus the biased concept of sexual desire has lead to more deep frustration among females.

Author has been researched the factors which influence the latent sexual conflict of marital relation by way of social field survey through questionnair method from June 20th, 1984 to Aug. 10th, 1984. The results are as followings : In case of latent sexual conflict of marital relation, the most influential factors are age, sivling order, survival of parents, preference of parents, experience of sexual education at the age of puberty, experience of masturbation at the age of puberty, style of marriage, period of acquaintance before marriage premarital sexual experience, and occupation. The most important factors among the said factors are the experience and the attitude before the age of puberty.

Autor has been interested in the factors which influence the sexual conflict of marital relation and researched the latent sexual conflict of mairital relation by way of social field survey through questionnaire method from June 20th, 1984 to Aug. 10th, 1984(The subjects: 653 couples of middle class people in Seoul). This study is researched and analyzed under the following hypothesis; If the latent sexual conflict of marital relation comes into existence, the unsatisfaction of wives will be shown in higher degree than that of husbands. The results are as followings; 1) As to the satisfaction of marital relation, the attitude about the importance of sexual life, and the anticipation about the sex before marriage which are the factors operating on the sexual life of marital relation, the unsatisfaction of wives is shown in higher degree than that of husbands. 2) The reason for the unsatisfaction of wives is interpreted under the followings. Psychoanalytically, woman has complicated process of dissolution of Oedipus complex and the unconscious drive wish to have an achievement about the passive attitude. Psychosocially, woman has much more role conflict and disadventages of sexuality under the double concepts of social value system.

There are many controversies on the presence of oedipus complex, that is psychoanalytic concept, influenced by the normal or abnormal, and different cultural backgrounds. This study is to elucidate the generalized psychoanalytic theory of oedipus complex which was demonstrated from psychoanalytic subjective experiences about pathologic situations. This study is to elucidate the generalized psychoanalytic theory of oedipus complex which was demonstrated from psychoanalytic subjective experiences about pathologic situations. This research indicates the presences of oedipus complex in Korea through social field survey by means of questionnaire method with the subjects of the normal couples of middle class people in Seoul from June 1984 to August 1984, and the patients couples of the same class via department of neuropsychiatry of general hospitals and private clinics in Seoul from June 1984 to December 1984. The results are as follows; 1) There are no differences in oedipal trends between th normal and patient group, but differences has been found in the male and female group. 2) The male group shows the oedipal trend, but female group shows the antioedipal trend, and such trends have developed predomianantly in the only son and only daughter groups. 3) The unconscious oedipal motive has been reflected on the process of selection of marital partner, but one half of the subjects who had established such reflection denies the manifest oedipal motive.

This study was purported to examine the cognitive deficit pattern of the long-term alcoholics at the recovery phase. The alcoholic group performed significantly poorer than the control group on information, comprehension, arithmatic, similarities, digit span subscales and digit symbol, picture completion, block design, picture arrangement, object assembly subscales of Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scales. The alcoholic group revealed the short-term memory deficits by Wechsler Memory Scale on personal and current information, orientation, mental control, logical memory, digit span, visual representation, associative learning subscales.

103 Females over 30 years old were interviewed face to face and analyzed in order to determine the intensity and the nature of conflicts according to each psychosexual development. The results were as follows: 1) In the age distribution, majority of patients were distributed between 3rd and 4th decade(70%). 2) Educational level was relatively high and most of them was graduated from university. 3) Socioeconomic status revealed that most of them was thought as a middle class. 4) The highest score of mean of intensity of conflict according to age distri-bution was intensity of conflict in relating to anal personality trait. 5) Comparing with age, the highest score was between 40 and 50 years old. 6) The highest items were dependency, subordination, passivity inthe intensity of conflict in relating to oral personality traitn, cleanliness, emotional constr-ictiveness in anal personality traitn, identificatnion, guilty in the phallic personality trait. 7) As to the conflict relation which occur most frequently, the first is the relation with mother in childhood, and the second is the relation with spouse.

The present study purposed to evaluate the common personality traits of the 82 Korean Makalu Expedition members by the psychological tests. The main psychological tests used to this study were minnesota Multiphasic personality Inventory, Rorschach test, and Korean Wechsler Intelligence test. The results obtained were as follow; 1) The resistance toward psychological evaluations was unexpectedly intense. 2) As a whole the level of intelligence ability was high : very superior level with 6 subjects and bright normal level with 2 subjects. 3) The basic response style was generally introversive. 4) The considerable resources were not well organized. 5) The affective experiences and expressions were insufficiently organized. 6) The intense dependent need of the interpersonal relationship was inhibited so that the intimate interpersonal relationship was avoided. 7) The self evaluation was generally low because of conflict with the ideal self imag and real self image. 8) The subjects consciously belonged to normal group but latently showed underlying depression and inner conflicts.

This cross-cultural study was purposed to compare with the differential cultural groups' personality by the psychological tests and to detect the effects and the problems of the psychological tests used to the cross-cultural study. The psychological tests used in this study were Minnesota Multiphatic Personality Inventory, Rorschach test and Draw-A-Person test. The subjects of this study were twelve sherpa who participated in The 82 Korean Makalu Expedition. The conclusion was dependent upon the way by which the responses of subjects were analized and interpreted as a whole and the way by which every personal test was personally interpreted. The conclusions of this study were as followed. The effect of the psychological tests appeared positively by the following particular responses. The results of MMPI were the severe increase of F scale, the moderate increase of 8,6 scales, and the mild increase of 1,5,3,4,9 scales. At the Rorschach test, lower systematic, immature and concrete cognitive operations appeared. Affect was genearally repressed, and the need system and the need control were also low. It was suggested that the content analysis might be useful to explore the different personality traits between the cultural groups since the contents of the Rorchach test conspicuosly differential. The particular drawing of DAP were interestingly impressive and revealed the differential cultural group's personality. The following tasks were proposed to be prepared for other cross-cultural study. 1. In parallel with the psychological tests, sociological study would be useful to explore the differences between cultural groups. 2. In order to valid and effective psychological test result, the standardization of tests and the performance of battery test should be satisfied. 3. Personal interview, dreams, and behavioral assessment would complement the psychological test results. 4. More appropriate cross-cultural personality tests should be developed for further cross-cultural personality studies.

This article presents the behavior therapeutic approach based on the social learning theory by Albert Bandura. This social learning theory and the therapeutic approach is summarized ad follows.

Psychological functioning is explained in terms of a continuous reciprocal interaction of personal and environmental determinants. Within this approach, symbolic, vicarious, and self-regulatory process assume a prominent role in social learning process. Cognition has causal influence on behavior learning and behavior change can be mediated through cognitive process. As the resulf of learning, the efficacy expectations are achieved and determine the various behavior changes.

Therefore any psychotherapeutic approaches, whatever their form, alter expectations of self-efficacy and stimulate the self-regulatory functions as the result of therapy. Bandura argued that participant modeling therapy is the most effective behavior therapeutic model which develop strong efficacy expectations and self-regulatory functions.

This social learning theory and therapeutic approach is differentiated from the other therapeutic approach as follows.

First, this therapeutic approach is the improved behavior therapy which use the cognitive influenecs on behavior modification.

Second, therapeutic goals can be set at the level of concrete and obvious behavior change.

Third, the therapeutic effects can be evaluated by objective criterias which measure the change of efficacy expectations.

Fourth, through therapeutic process, patients self-motivation, self-evaluation, and self-regulatory process are involved, and ultimately voluntary participation is achieved.