| Kwang Hyun Kim | 3 Articles |
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[English]
Metabolic acidosis frequently develops in patients after neobladder reconstruction. However, the incidence of metabolic acidosis in patients with neobladder and the factors associated with the development of metabolic acidosis have not been well elucidated. We aimed to investigate the incidence and the potential predictors for the development of metabolic acidosis after neobladder reconstruction with intestinal segment. We included patients who underwent neobladder reconstruction using intestinal segment at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2014. A subgroup of patients according to the time of metabolic acidosis occurrence was further analyzed in order to characterize predictors for metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis was encountered in 79.4% of patients with neobladder during follow up period. When patients were divided into 2 groups according to anion gap (AG), total CO2 (18.9±2.1 mEq/L vs. 20.0±1.3 mEq/L, P=0.001) and chloride (106.6±4.9 mE/L vs. 109.4±3.6 mEq/L, P<0.001) were significant different between groups with AG>12 and AG≤12. Furthermore, when patients were divided into 3 groups; patients with metabolic acidosis at postoperative day (POD) 1; from POD 2 to 14 days; after 14 days, there was significant difference among those subgroups. Our study showed the rate of metabolic acidosis in patients underwent neobladder reconstruction and the difference between patients with metabolic acidosis and those without metabolic acidosis for the first time in Korea. In the future, well designed prospective study will be needed to prevent metabolic acidosis after neobladder reconstruction.
[English]
Bladder cancer is the second most common malignancy in urological field. Most new cases are diagnosed as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which includes Ta, T1 or carcinoma in situ. Initial management of NMIBC is endoscopic resection, which allows both treatment and pathological staging. Urologist should consider adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy or Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy, depending on the tumor grade or stage to prevent recurrence and progression. Patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) are best treated with radical cystectomy. However, radical cystectomy should be considered even in patients with NMIBC with high risk of progression and BCG refractory tumors. Delay of radical cystectomy in these patients might lead decreased disease specific survival. Patients treated by radical cystectomy should undergo any form of the urinary diversion. Ileal conduit is still most common method for urinary diversion. Orthotopic neobladder is generally performed by experienced hands in high volume center. Patients undergoing orthotopic neobladder should be educated and manually skillful to manipulate their diversion. Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is recommended based on level 1 evidence with survival benefit. Recent updated meta-analysis also demonstrated survival benefit in patients with MIBC treated by adjuvant chemotherapy. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
[English]
Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (RARC) for the treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer is being increasingly applied. Radical cystectomy is complex procedure which should be performed with extensive lymph node dissection and urinary diversion. Currently, the techniques of RARC are well-described, and the feasibility and safety of RARC has been demonstrated. While extracorporeal approach is preferred method for urinary diversion, intracorporeal urinary diversion is gaining popularity. Positive surgical margins are similar to large open series but inferior for locally advanced disease. However, local recurrence and survival rates seem equivalent to open series at short and mid-term follow up. Randomized controlled trial should be conducted to rigorously assess the oncologic outcomes of RARC compared to open radical cystectomy.
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, Dong Hyeon Lee
