| Kyu Wol Yun | 17 Articles |
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[English]
It is now generally accepted that lead low doses may influence behavioral and attentional problems in children. The selection of a treatment approach depends on a proper assessment of the cause of the problem. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between exposure to lead and behavioral and attentional problems in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). The participants were 62 boys, 6 to 12 years of age with ADHD. Children with probable causes of attentional or behavioral problems other than lead contamination were excluded from the study. Various aspects of behavioral problems were measured using questionnaires for parents and teachers. Attentional problems were measured with TOVA(The Test Of Variability of Attention). As an assessment of body lead burden, lead concentration in blood was measured. Mean lead concentration in blood was 3.39 1.32µg/dl. Correlations between lead concentration in blood and the possible confounding factors were not significant. The results were same as that of lead concentration in attentional and behavioral problems. Lead concentration was significantly correlated with the scores of TOVA : omission error(r=0.34, p<0.1) ; commission error(r=0.43, p<0.05) ; and variation(r=0.34, p<0.1). Correlations between lead concentration and social withdrawal subscale of CBCL were significant(r=0.33, p<0.01). It appears that some link between low-level exposure to lead and performances exist.
[English]
This study aims to investigate the domographic characteristics, main clinical problems, diagnoses and treatments of child and adolescent psychiatric outpatients. The statistical analyses were based on the clinical reports and medical records of 111 child and adolescent psychiatric patients who wisited to the outpatient clinic during current 6 months. 1)The sex ratio(male : female) of these 111 patients was 1.1:1 and the most frequent age group was adolescent period(13-18 years of age). In sibling order, the first born child was more prevalent. Almost all the patients had both parents and was accompanied by a mother on the first visit. The most living place of the patients was in Seoul. 2) The main problems visiting our coinic were in following order : somatic symptoms, learning problems, anxiety, fear & restlessness, attention deficits, conduct problems and substance abuse etc. 3) Diagnostic distribution of the patients was in following order : conduct disorder, mood disorder, organic mental disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorder etc. 4) The patients who visited to the outpatient coinic above 5 times were more frequent. The more frequently used method for treatments was in the sequence of pharmacotherapy combined with psychotherapy and behavior therapy. These results suggest that the necessity of the space of special therapy(such as play and behavior therapy) for the children and division of child and adolescent psychiatry is very important in current situation. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
[English]
The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of psychiatric diagnoses(Axis I,II and III) using DSM-IV as well as the significances of personality traits and social of occupational functioning in a group of psychiatric outpatient insomnmiacs. 62 subjects who complained of insomnia over a 2-week period were evaluated for psychiatric and personality disorders and medical conditions by a comprehensive psychiatric diagnostic interview. Each patient also completed the MMPI test and was evaluated on GAF score. The higher prevalence of insomnia has been reported in the age group of 21 to 50 years, married and unemployed patients in this study. 95.2% of the subjects had a principal diagnosis on Axis I and the most prevalent diagnoses were mood disorders and accompanying diagnoses were anxiety and somatoform disorders(in frequency order). 51.6% of the subjects had a principal diagnosis on Axis II and the most prevalent diagnoses were compulsive personality disorders and accompanying diagnoses were others(avoidant, dependent, and passive-aggresive) and historionic personalty disorders. 50% of the subjects had Axis III diagnoses and the most prevalent diagnoses were gastrointestinal disordrs. 72.6% of the subjects had elevated scores on one or more MMPI scales(T score of 70 or greater) and the most frequently elevated scale was the depression and accompanying scales were hysteria and hypochondriasis. The mean GAF score value of the patient was 61.65±5.64 and showed significant difference in each Axis I principal diagnoses. In summary, strong associations between insomnia and psychiatric disorders were confirmed by this investigation
[English]
This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of abnormal behavior, ada-ptability and intelligence of child and adolescents and the usefulness of KAS(Korean Attitude System) as a screening method to detect the psychopathology of child and adolescents. 478 child and adolescents were completed the instruments of KAS that focused on development of behavior, adaptability and intelligence at the children's medical examination center. The most influenced subcategories to the disturbance of behavior of the subjects were leadership, cooperation, and emotion (in order). The preference of adaptability was high in the fields of literature, law, technology, medicine and sociology. The mean I.Q. of the subjects was high average and not different in both sex. The subjects with below average of I.Q. were three cases(0.6%) and the two of them were boderline and only one case was mild mental retardation. The total number of patients referred to the department of psychiatry was eight cases(1.7%) and revealed the disturbance of behavior, affect, and thought. Finally the authors concluded that KAS test performed at the children's medical examination center was useful primary screening method to detect the psychopathology of child and adolescents.
[English]
This study investigated the correlations between childhood sexual abuse and the severity of psychopathology symptoms in adulthood and the usefulness of adult psychiatric symptoms, diagnoses, and medications as factors in the identification of patients who have been sexually abused in childhood. The subject of this study were 21 childhood sexually abused female inpatients and 22 nonabused female inpatients(psychiatric control group). All subjects were interviewed and completed self report instruments that focused of childhood sexual histoy of trauma, and current general psychiatric symptoms, dissociative symptoms. Sexually abused broup showed significantly higher rates of divorce than psychiatric control group. Relative to psychiatric control group, sexually abused group have more hospitalization, higher proportion of more suicidal symptoms and more often major pharmacological tratment. Sexually abused group manifested significantly higher levels of dissociative symptoms and general psychiatric symptoms, including interpersonal sensitivity, psychoticism, obsessive compulsive and global severity index. Findings suggest that childhood sexual abuse is associated with adult psychiatric symptoms, especially dissociative symptoms and work as etiology of psychopathology of boderline personalitiy disorder.
[English]
One case is described in which pseudoseizure developed after father-daughter incest anddisappeared after psychotherapeutic exploration of the incestuous experience. Patient was youngadult female referred for seizures, suicide attempts, self-destructive ideations and acting outs,and dissociative symptoms. It is suggested that, female young adults presented to the clinicianwith symptoms of pseudoseizure, a detailed history should be taken to explore for the possibility of incest.
[English]
The aim of this work was to measure the distress of psychosomatic symptoms in the nonscreened college students. The SUNYA Revision of the psychosomatic symptom checklist was administered to the 133 college students. The mean total frequency and intensity scores and PSCtotal scores of all subjects were higher than the normative data of college students. Femalesubjects scored higher than male subjects for a11 three PSC scores, especiatlly significantly higherfor mean total intensify scores. The scores of items of fatigue, depression, general stiffnesswere highest of all items in both sexes.44.4% of all subjects scored above 40 PSC total score. The results of this study support the use of the PSC as a measure of psychosomatic distressin the college students.
[English]
The authors explored childhood and later physical and sexual abuse experiences in 53 female psychiatric inpatients using objective measures. All subjects were interviewed and administered the life experiences questionnaire and the SCL-90-R and obtained the data on diagnoses, suicidal symtoms and psychotropic medications. Forty-two(79.2%) of the 53 women reported a history of abuse at some time during their lives. Thirty(56.6%) of them experienced abuse before age 16 and twelve(22.6%) of them experienced abuse at age 16 or later. The most frequent perpetrators of physical abuse were family members(father before age 16, husband at age 16 or later). The most frequent perpetartors of sexual abuse were not family memebers(strangers before age 16, boy friend at age 16 or later). The SCL-90-R scores from abused subjects before age 16 within the inpatient psychiatric norms(mean±SD=50±10), but the scores of interpersonal sensitivety, paranoid ideology, psychoticism, global severity index of SCL-90-R subjects. The abused subjects before age 16 had more diagnoses of depression and schizophrenia and suicidal symptoms and they were given psychotropic medications more often. Taken together, these findings suggest that childhood abuse experiences were correlated with severity of adult psychiatric symtoms.
[English]
In a prospective study of 59 epileptic patients receiving anticonvulsant drugs, the author evaluated routine screening for hematologic and liver toxicity. CBC, differential, platelets and liver function were obtained within 6 months after anticonvulsant medication. During this time, the author evaluated the psychiatric symptoms and adverse effects of drugs. In laboratory monitoring, 5.1% of patients had minor abnormalities of blood studies(minimal below level of Hb, Hct, MCV) and 18.6% of patients had abnormalities of liver function(elevation of ALP, ALT & AST) necessitating rechecks. All were the same finding on repeat, but there were no clinical symptoms of hematological abnormalities and liver toxicity. In clinical monitoring, 62.7 of patients had psychiatric symptoms and the most common symptom was depression(15.3%). 71.2% of patients had minor adverse effects of anticonvulsants and the most common symptom was disturbance of school performance(18.6%). Conclusively, severe toxic reaction was not in the patients with abnormal hematologic & liver function, but psychiatric symptoms and adverse effects of drugs were sufficiently evaluated from clinical observation. So, the author believes that clinical monitoring is more important than laboratory monitoring and routine blood & liver function is not necessary.
[English]
The serum vitamin B12(B12) and folic acid estimations were performed on 206 psychiatric inpatients, consecutive admissions to a Ewha Womans University Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Department. The mean serum B12 value in the subjects(1004.24±479.76pg/ml) was somewhat higher than the normal serum B12 value and none of the subjects has serum B12 deficiency. The mean serum B12 value was the lowest in 21~30 age group and the highest in 31~40 age group(p<0.05). The mean serum folic acid value(8.09±4.15ng/ml) was in the range of normal value. But the patients with low serum folic acid value(O~2.5ng/ml) were 6 cases(2.9%), consisting of 3 schizophrenia, 1 mood disorder and 1 epilepsy and the ratio of patients with low anti equivocal serum folic acid value(<5.Ong/ml) was 23.8%. The mean serum folic acid value was the lowest in 11~20 age group and the highest in 51~60 age group(p<0.05). Patients with epilepsy, organic mental disorder and schizophrenia(in order) had significantly lower mean serum B12 & folic acid values and alcoholism had significantly higher mean serum B12 & folic acid values(p<0.05). It was concluded that serum B12 deficiency was not related to the psychiatric disorders and the serum folic acid deficiency, but folic acid deficiency appeared to be in certain psychiatric disorders and related to the chronicity of mental illness.
[English]
Serum folate levels have been estimated in 187 successively admitted inpatients at Department of Neuropsychiatry. Ewha Womans University Hospital. The mean age of the patients was 34.8±14.9, and the mean serum folate value was 8.0±4.0ng/ml.The younger age patients with sleep and conduct disorder and epilepsy had lower serum folate value than older patients with other diseases. In regard to the relation between folate deficiency and psychiatric diagnosis, epilepsy had the lowest serum folate value(3.6±l.6ng/ml) and neurosis had the highest value(10.4±5.5ng/ml). The patients with low(0~2.5ng/ml)serum folate value were 6 cases(3.2%), consisting of 4 schizophrenia, 1 mood disorder and 1 epilepsy. The ratio of patients with low and equivocal (below 5.0ng/ml) serum folate value was 24.6%, epilepsy had the highest proportion(66.6%). None of the alcoholism had low and equivocal serum folate value. 73.9% of patients with low and equivocal serum folate value were continously ill for more than year comparing to 48.9% of patients with normal serum folate value, and the difference was significant(X2=3.92, p<0.05). Since folate deficiency appeared to be in certain psychiatric disease and related to the chronicity of mental illness, it would be wise to carry out serum folate estimations and to treat the patients with subnormal serum folate value with folate supplements.
[English]
The author investigated the first 128 hospitalized adolescents in the department of neuropsychiatry. Ewha Womans University Hospital from Jan. 1. 1985 to Dec. 31. 1990 and analyzed the results to obtain the information on the referrals and behaviours leading to admission. Boys were more common than girls. Mean age on admission was l6.28(±1.55) years and the numbers of older than 16 years in age were the most frequent. The largest group of referrers was psychiatrists who worked at the psychiatric department of university hospital. In most cases both natural parents were legally responsible for the adolescent. and most of patients lived at home with both natural parents. There was a mean of 3.3 behaviours given as the reason for admission and the most common behaviour was mood swings.
[English]
The psychosical stressors experienced in the 6 months prior to the adminssion were studied on 114 child and adolescenet psychiatric inpatients in the psychiatric department of Ewha Womans University Hostpital from January 1985 to December 1989. The severity of psychosocial stressors was rated by using the suggested ratings of DSM-III Axis IV criteria by Plapp et al and compared with DSM-III 7-point scale, RAU and OHIO scale. In the demographic data, boys were more common than girls. the age of 16 to 18 and the senior high school grade were most common. The diagnostic proportion was revealed in order of frequency as follow : schizopherenia, conduct disorder, somatofrom disorder, affective disorder, anxiety disorder, adjustment disorder and others. The major distribution of psychosocial stressors with their frequency was family factors in schizophrenia, conduct disorder and others, physical illness or injury in somatoform disorder, interpersonal problems in affective disorder, and school performance in anxiety and adjustment disorder. The mean ratings of severity of psychosocial stressors by diagnosis were higher than those of DSM-III 7-point scale and the highest in somatoform disorder.
[English]
The author measured the mental health status of 204 female industrial workers from March 1st, 1988 to June 30th, 1988 using Zung's S.A.S(self-rating anxiety scale) and S.D.S(self-rating depression scale) and compared the results with those of 208 female college students. The results were as follows : 1) The results showed that there was significant difference in the means of total anxiety and depression scores between the two groups(p<0.01). 2) The anxiety scores in items of insomnia(p<0.001), restlessness(p<0.001), dyspnea, apprehension, face flushing and the depression scores in items of decreased libido, hopelessness, personal devaluation, dissatisfaction(p<0.001), emptiness were relatively high in female industrial workers. 3) As to the subjects who got above 50 scores in the distribution of anxiety and depression scores, the number of female industrial workers was more than that of female college students. 4) As to the female industrial workers, the younger ones, the higher scores in anxiety. The ones without parents, lodgers, or buddhists were higher in anxiety and depression scores. The older ones, catholics, or the ones with 7 to 9 years in the duration of employment were higher in depression scores. As to the female college students, the older ones, the ones without both parents, buddhists, the ones lodging in the relatives, or the students majoring on music, fine arts, physical education were higher in anxiety and depression scores.
[English]
Author has been researched the factors which influence the latent sexual conflict of marital relation by way of social field survey through questionnair method from June 20th, 1984 to Aug. 10th, 1984. The results are as followings : In case of latent sexual conflict of marital relation, the most influential factors are age, sivling order, survival of parents, preference of parents, experience of sexual education at the age of puberty, experience of masturbation at the age of puberty, style of marriage, period of acquaintance before marriage premarital sexual experience, and occupation. The most important factors among the said factors are the experience and the attitude before the age of puberty.
[English]
Autor has been interested in the factors which influence the sexual conflict of marital relation and researched the latent sexual conflict of mairital relation by way of social field survey through questionnaire method from June 20th, 1984 to Aug. 10th, 1984(The subjects: 653 couples of middle class people in Seoul). This study is researched and analyzed under the following hypothesis; If the latent sexual conflict of marital relation comes into existence, the unsatisfaction of wives will be shown in higher degree than that of husbands. The results are as followings; 1) As to the satisfaction of marital relation, the attitude about the importance of sexual life, and the anticipation about the sex before marriage which are the factors operating on the sexual life of marital relation, the unsatisfaction of wives is shown in higher degree than that of husbands. 2) The reason for the unsatisfaction of wives is interpreted under the followings. Psychoanalytically, woman has complicated process of dissolution of Oedipus complex and the unconscious drive wish to have an achievement about the passive attitude. Psychosocially, woman has much more role conflict and disadventages of sexuality under the double concepts of social value system.
[English]
103 Females over 30 years old were interviewed face to face and analyzed in order to determine the intensity and the nature of conflicts according to each psychosexual development. The results were as follows: 1) In the age distribution, majority of patients were distributed between 3rd and 4th decade(70%). 2) Educational level was relatively high and most of them was graduated from university. 3) Socioeconomic status revealed that most of them was thought as a middle class. 4) The highest score of mean of intensity of conflict according to age distri-bution was intensity of conflict in relating to anal personality trait. 5) Comparing with age, the highest score was between 40 and 50 years old. 6) The highest items were dependency, subordination, passivity inthe intensity of conflict in relating to oral personality traitn, cleanliness, emotional constr-ictiveness in anal personality traitn, identificatnion, guilty in the phallic personality trait. 7) As to the conflict relation which occur most frequently, the first is the relation with mother in childhood, and the second is the relation with spouse.
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, Ji Hoon Kim
