The aim of this study was to analyze the diskibution pattern of the 38 mineral elements in the patients with chronic urogenital diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH), andropause, erectile dysfunction, menopause, overactive bladder and stress urinary incontinence, which were appeared as the result of various life factors including the ageing.

Hairs were collected in the occipital scalp area and analyzed mineral status in theme thod of inductive coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (Trace Element, INC. ; TEI, USA). 15mandatory nourishment minerals, 15 additional minerals,8 heavy metals and the ratio of Ca/P Na/K, Ca/K, Zn/cu, Na/Mg, Ca/Mg, Fe/Cu were measured. The results were classified as each disease and compared.

The disease which showed high rate of patient with increased calcium was menopause(85.7%) and overactive bladder (OAB) (61.9%). The disease which showed high rate of patient with increased magnesium was menopause (57.1%). The disease which showed high rate of patient with increased sodium was stress urinary incontinence (SH) (42.9%). Other minerals didn't show particular distribution by the disease. The average ratio of Caf was increased in all diseases and the degree of the increase was high in menopause, OAB and SUI. The average ratio of Zn/Cu was increased only in menopause. The average ratio of Ca/K was increased in all diseases and the degree of the increase was high in menopause, OAB and SH. The average ratio of Zn/Cu was within normal range in all diseases. The average ratio of Na/Mg was increased only in BPH and was decreased in menopause, andropause and OAB. The average ratio of Ca/Mg was increased in all diseases and the degree of the increase was the highest in OAB.

The distribution pattern of mineral elements according to chronic urogenital diseases was distinctive. Thus we consider that mineral supplement remedies suitable to the eachdisease can be recommended.

The molecular pathogenesis of the schizophrenia has been extensively studied. The dopamine hypothesis is well-known possible mechanism in the etiology of schizophrenia and dopamine D2 receptor gene(DRD2 gene), one of the dopamine receptor genes, is believed to be a candidate gene for schizophrenia because D2 receptor has high affinity for the antipsychotic drugs. Some researchers have been studied for the variant of the DRD2 gene(Ser311→Cys) and suggest positive association of this polymorphism and schizophrenia in Japanese schizophrenic patients. However, following studies did not support that results. So the author investigated polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor gene(Ser3l1→Cys311) in a total of 42 schizophrenic patients and 50 controls.

To compare the Cys variant status between the schizophrenic patients and control group and to investigate the allelic pattern of DRD2 gene, PCR(polymerase chain reaction) and MASA((Mutated Allele Specific Amplification) were performed in 42 cases of schizophrenic patients' and 50 normal controls' whole blood. Schizophrenic patients clinical characteristics, family history of mental illness and response to therapy were examined.

The following results were summarized. 1) The detection of homozygote for Cys allele and heterozygote of Ser/Cys was one and one case in 42 schizophrenic patients, respectively. 2) None with Cys allele or any heterozygote was detected among 50 control groups. 3) So frequencies of Cys311 among 42 schizophrenics were three(3.6%). but there is no statistical significance. 4) There is no correlations between clinical characteristics of schizophrenic patients and Cys alleles.

There is no statistical difference in allele frequency of DRD2 Cys311 variant between schizophrenia and control groups. So this result was in line with the previous studies which did not show evidence of association between schizophrenia and D_2 receptor polymorphism(Ser311→Cys 311).