This paper is aimed to present the strategies to develop health education programmers for promotion of eye health and prevention of blindness within the framework of primary health care in health delivery system. And it is recommended as follows. 1) The role and utilization of health personel for eye health and prevention of blindness shold be fomulated specifying the staff categories and numbers needed in each level of health delivery system. 2) To develop and implement health education programme, more accurate data on blindness should be collected through population based epidemiological surveys for identification of high risk group and priority area. 3) Appropriate training should be given to multipurpose health worker and community health practioner(CHP) based on the known pattern of eye common diseases for them to be able to screen and report on eye diseases and visual loss using a standardized kit for screen at peripheral community level. 4) Appropriate training couse in primary prevention of blindness and health education for doctors, nurses and various auxilary health personnel sould be developed and implemented as the part of primary health care programmes. 5) Adequate health education materials for prevention of blindness should be developed and distributed to schools, industries and community organizations. And it is necessary to conduct mass media campaigns for the public.

The principal role of cytochrome p-450 in mixed function oxidase reactions includes hydroxylation of vavious drugs, fatty acids, steroids, pesticides, and carcinogens. The effect of AAF, β-NF with vitamin A, and α-tocopherol on hepatic micros-omal cytochrome p-450 content in young rats were investigated. The result is as follows; 1) The administrations of AAF, β-NF increased contents of hepatic microsomal cytochrome p-450. 2) The increased amount of hepatic microsomal cytochrome p-450 include by AAF declined wien vitamin A, α-tocopherol and β-NF were given. 3) AAF-ring-hydroxylation decreased in AAF group, but N-hydroxylation increased, compared to control group. 4) The administration of β-NF or β-NF and AAF increased both ring-hydrox-ylation and N-hydroxylation. 5) AAF-ring-bydroxylation increased when AAF was administrated with vitamin A, α-tocopherol, and β-NF compared to AAF group.

The main objective of the present study was to obtain further information on the histopathologic changes in the bile ducts at chronic stage of Clonorchis sinensis infection for the establishment of relationship between clonorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma. BALB/C male mice were used. Approximately 500 metacercariae were given orally to each mouse. Three mice were sacrificed once monthly from the 10th month through the 20th month after infection. The hepatobiliary tissues were fixed in 10% formalin solution, sectioned serially, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopat-hologic examination. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1) The bile ducts showed moderate adenomatousproliferation, mucinous cell metaplasia and goblet cell metaplasia from the 10th month up to the 13th month after infection, then gradual regression. As time elapsed, scattered abortive acini were aslo regressive. 2) Most of the stromal fibrous tissues were replaced by excessive collagen fibers which persisted throughout the observation. The pictures were considered to be irreversible. 3) Polymorphonuclear leucocyte and eosinophil infiltrations was slight in the degree, while chronic mononuclear leucocyte infiltration was moderate throughout the observation. 4) Even though no any evidence of malignant change of epithelial cells was demonstrated thoughout the observation, Clonorchis infection was considered to be an impotant predisposing factor in carcinogenesis in the bile ducts.

The uterine cervical neoplasia has been generally classified following categories included such as dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, microinvasive carcinoma, invasive carcinoma and therpeutic method depended upon types of classification. Recent advances in tumor markers offer new horizon in the pathology of uterine cervix. For instance, carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), one of the best known tumor markers, has been detected in tissue section of cervical neoplasia. In view of rather than tissue loation of CEA and in the hope of chages of the CEA in cervical neoplasia, aothour has undertaken a study of preinvasive and invasive epithelial lesions of the uterine cervix by immunoperoxidase technique. Seventy-nine cases of uterine cervical neoplasia were subclassified and studied by peroxidase anti-peroxidase method(PAP) for the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA). The following results were obtained : 1) Normal squamous epithelium was lack of CEA but the cervical neoplastic epithelium showed CEA positivity in 73 of 79 cases(92.4%). 2) Preinvasive lesions, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ showed CEA-positivity cells in 37 of 39 cases(94.9%) while ivasive lesions had CEA-positivity cells in 29 of 33 cases(87.9%). 3) The squamous epithelium of dysplasia revealed CEA positivity in all cases. In mild to moderate dysplasia, CEA-positive cells were present at the ypper layers of squamous epithelium. However, the severe dysplasia showed positive cells throughout the water layers. 4) The pattern of CEA staining in carcinoma in situ was shown in epithelial leyers except basal cells but the intensity was more strong in the luminal border of carci-noma in situ with glandular involvement. 5) Antigen was present in 57.1% of small cell non keratinizing squamous carcinoma as compared with 100% in large cell keratinizing and large cell nonkeratizing tumors. 6) The pattern of CEA tissue distribution in invasive carcinoma was shown in tumor cells adjacent to stroma, and percentage(27.2%) of strong positivity was twice higher than that(2.8%) of perinvasive lesion. 7) In adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma moderate to strong positivity for CEA was seen in glandular epitheium and stroma. These investigation has shown that CEA emerges as a useful tumor marker in cervical neoplasia. The localization of CEA by immunoperoxidase technique may add objectivity in the diagnosis of cervical neoplasia by virtue of positive staining pattern.

Serum calcium, magnesium and plasma renin activity were studied in the groups of 20 controls and 20 hypertensives. All patients were admitted to Ewha Womans University Hospital between March 1984 and August 1984. The following results were obtained : 1) The plasma renin activity in normal controls were 1.40±1.48mg/ml/hr, and 1.59±1.97 ng/ml/hr in hypertensives. Most of the hypertensives were normal renin hypetension. 2) The serum calcium in normal controls were 8.85±0.84mg/dl and 9.14±0.49mg/dl in hypertensives and had no correlationship between plasma renin activity and serum ca-lcium in controls, byt had positive correlationship in hypertensives (P<0.025). 4) The serum magnesium in normal controls were 2.85±0.82mg/dl and 2.63±0.34mg/dl in hypertensives and had no correlationship to mean blood pressure. 5) There were no correlationship between plasma renin activity and serum magnesium in both controls and hypertensives.

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of estrogen and progesterone on the concentration of estradiol receptor in uterine tissue at the early pregnant rats. The result obtained are as follows : 1) The uterus wet weights of ovariectomized rats were decreased, while the concentration of estradiol receptor(E₂R) was increased, it seems to be well correlated with the low level of estrogen. 2) In the rats treated with estradiol, at 24 hours after treatment, the concentration of E₂R was higher than control-vehicle treatment-groups. 3) In the rats treated with estrogen and progesterone, the concentration of E₂R decreased, whereas estrogen primed rats treated with progesterone, the concentration of E₂R increased relatively. It is, therefore, concluded that the concentration of cytosol E₂R seems to be correlated with the peripheral estrogen and progesterone levels and then cytosol E₂R transfers into nuclear estradiol receptor to stimulate mRNA transcroption for the development of uterine tissue.

The implantation of pacemaker will be necessary in not only complete heart block after cardiac operation, but also sick sinus syndrome and a variable conduction disturbancs. We had had so many experiences of single chamger pacemaker(VOO, VVI etc) implantation in patients with complete heart block. But single chamber ventricular pacemaker had some problems because only ventricular pacemaker could not use normal sinus rhythm. Recently, we have tried to use the ventricular pacing system to a dual chamger pacing system in the patient with heart block. So many papers pointed that the decrease in cardiac out put of 15 to 25% with VVI pacing as compared with the normal sinus rhythm. We have experienced one 10 years old boy who had a single atrium had developed complete heart block after patch repair of atrial septal defect, and another 49 years old male patient who was suffered from frequent syncope with bradycardia. The first boy was taken VDD dual chamber pacemaker implantation through left subclavian vein puncture method on 14 days after open heart surgery because he had normal regular P-wave. And the second male patient was taken DDD typed dual chamger pacemaker implantation through left subclavian vein puncture and the DDD typed pacemaker was transformed to VDD pacemaker, also because he had normal regular P wave,too. Their postoperative couse was in uneventful and were discharged without complication. Their conduction have been in good to now.

Gilbert's Syndrome is the name most frequently used to describe a condition which has been called constitutional heptic dysfunction, familial nonhemolytic jaundice of icterus intermittens juvenilis. It is characterized by a benign, persistent, but variable elevation of the plasma unconjugated bilirubin. A 27-year-old man was admitted because of general malaise, anorexia, sore throat and slight icteric sclera. On physical examination, there were mild icteric sclera and slightly injected pharynx. The liver was palpable 1 finger breath BRCM and the spleen was also palpable I finger breadth BLCM. Hematologic studies revealed slight anemia with slightly elevated corrected reticulocyte count. Liver function tests were normal except for slightly elevated serum total bilirbin. Histolog-ic findings of the liver showed nonspecific findings of mild cholestasis. Reduction in caloric intake to 300 calrory a day for 72 hours resulted in a significant increase in the plasma bilirubin concentration(especially unconjugated form) in this patient. Now he has no subjective symptoms and leads a normal activity without specific treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• A Case of Congenital Hemolytic Anemia of Unknown Cause Combined with Gilbert's Syndrome
  Ji Whan Lim, Joon Hyouk Choi, Yang Hoon Nam, In Seok Seo, Seong Min Yoon, Myoung Sook Koo
  The Korean Journal of Hematology.2008; 43(1): 58.     CrossRef

The authors report a case of tuberculoma in the posterior fossa, that developed 1 year after a procedure of ventriculo-peritonial shunt due to communicating hydrocephalus as complication of tuberculous meningitis. Brain CT demonstrated the tuberculoma at right quadrigeminal plate. Operation was done under the operating microscope at Sept.14.1984 and confirmed completely removal of tuberculomatous mass.

Maligant testicular tumors in children are relatively rare and represent 1 percent of all malignant one in them. Since seventy per cent of pediatric testicular tumors are of germinal origin and eighty per cent of these are malignant embryonal cell carcinoma, any solid scrotal mass in a child must be considered malignant until proved otherwise. We observed one case of testicular embryonal cell carcinoma in 2 year-old male patient. The treatment was done by right inguinal radical orchiectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy with actinomycin D and vinblastine. Herein we reported a case of testicular embryonal cell carcinoma with a review of the litartures.