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Case Reports

[English]
A 75-Year-Old Natural Survivor with Uncorrected Tetralogy of Fallot Presenting with Hypoxic Spell
Ho Young Song, Soo Yeon Kang, Ok Jeong Lee, Ji Hee Kwak
Ewha Med J 2017;40(2):94-98.   Published online April 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2017.40.2.94

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Only a few patients reach adulthood without surgical correction. Unrepaired TOF patients with mild to moderate right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction may be clinically silent until adulthood. TOF with hypoxic spells present as periods of profound cyanosis that occur because of almost total RVOT obstruction. So, hypoxic spell typically occurs in a crying infant but is rare in an adult. In this report, we presented a case of a 75-year-old patient with uncorrected TOF presenting with hypoxic spell, consequent pulmonary hypertension and chronic heart failure. This is the oldest case of natural survivor with uncorrected TOF in Korea and the oldest patient presenting hypoxic spell worldwide.

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[English]
A Case of Adult Wilms' Tumor
Ho Won Kang, Ki Pung Sung, Jong Ki Kim, Young Yo Park
Ihwa Ŭidae chi 1997;20(3):327-330.   Published online July 24, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.1997.20.3.327

Wilms' tumor is the most frquent malignant abdominal tumor in children but is rare in adults. Adult Wiulms' tumor is less than 1% of all wilms' tumor, and has poor prognosis than childhood Wilms' tumor. Wilms' tumor in children classically demonstrate the curative potential of combined modality cancer therapy. However, guide line for management in adult Wilms' tumor is less clear.

We reported a case of adult Wilms' tumor developed in 18 year-old male patient which was presented with right flank pain after slip-down for 1day.

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Original Article
[English]
A Comparison of Preoxygenation in Children and Adults
Mee Sun Cho, Guie Yong Lee, Jong In Han, Dong Yeon Kim, Rack Kyong Chung, Jong Hak Kim, Chi Hyo Kim, Choon Hi Lee
Ihwa Ŭidae chi 1998;21(3):189-193.   Published online September 30, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.1998.21.3.189
Objectives

Preoxygenation is recommended in order to prevent hypoxemia with hypoventilation or apnea during induction of anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the duration of preoxygenation required to achieve an end-tidal oxygen fraction(FE'O2) of 0.9 in children and adults.

Method

In 24 healthy children and adults breathing 100% oxygen, end tidal oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration have been measured at 15 seconds interval from the start of liter per minute. The gas sampling line of the Capnomac II(Datex, Helsinki, Finland) was placed in the nasal cavity.

Results

The study showed that all children attained an FE'O2 of 0.9 within 75s of preoxygenation, but adults had not reached an FE'O2 of 0.9 within 180s.

Conclusions

More oxygen wash-in would be expected in children. We suggested that at least 3 min of preoxygenation should be performed before intravenous induction of anesthesia in children.

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