This narrative review examines the challenges, strategies, and future directions in the development of young teachers within the pathophysiology departments of Chinese medical colleges. A thorough review of 49 studies published between 2013 and 2024 was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, and various Chinese databases. The primary challenges identified include teaching innovation (cited in 84.2% of the studies), research pressure (91.2%), disciplinary characteristics (87.7%), and career development (80.7%). Medical schools have responded by enhancing training systems (94.7%), innovating teaching methods (93.0%), and bolstering research support (96.5%). Looking ahead, trends are shifting toward the application of new technologies, interdisciplinary integration, and international collaboration. The focus on cultivating young teachers is increasingly geared towards personalization and diversification, which are essential for advancing education in pathophysiology. High-quality young teachers are pivotal in raising teaching standards, fostering research innovation, and facilitating interdisciplinary exchanges. Based on these insights, we recommend several practical measures to enhance the quality of pathophysiology education in China. These include establishing comprehensive training programs that integrate teaching innovation and research skills; developing structured mentorship systems with clear pathways for career advancement; creating platforms that support technology-enhanced teaching and international collaboration; and implementing systematic evaluation mechanisms to assess teaching effectiveness. These targeted interventions will require a coordinated effort from department heads, educational institutions, and policymakers to ensure a sustained improvement in the quality of pathophysiology education.
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, So Hyun Ahn, Hyeon Jong Yang, Seung Jung Kim, Yuhyeon Chu, Jihye Gwak, Naeun Im, Seoyeong Oh, Seunghyun Kim, Hye Soo Yun, Eun Hee Ha Citations
, Hwa Young Lee, Young Mi Park, Hee Jung Yi A Womans University College of Medicine faces curriculum reform in 2020. To determine what reforms are needed in the premedical curriculum, a needs assessment was conducted.
This study utilizes qualitative study method. A focus group interview was conducted with four students who completed premedical courses from November to December 2018. Interviews were conducted in two groups by grade level, and each interview was recorded. After transcribing the recorded contents, four researchers analyzed the data using conventional content analysis.
Students chose A Womans University College of Medicine considering their future careers as female medical professionals and other considerations such as scholarships. The students expected diverse experiences, exchanges with students in different departments, and fusion of medicine with other fields during their premedical years. Overall, these expectations were met during the course, but individual needs for customized education, such as liberal arts, were unmet. In general, students' attitudes toward premedical courses were very motivated and they actively used resources provided by the university.
Qualitative research can provide a better understanding of quantitative data, such as a student survey performed to prepare for curriculum reform. Based on this understanding, the curriculum will be reformed to reflect the educational needs of students, to motivate students and to provide satisfactory education.
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, Jung-A Shin There is a growing trend of medical students using electronic devices for studying. This paper analyzes such trend and assesses if the utilization of devices is adequate to effectively help students to study.
Survey of total 155 medical students about the usage of the electronic devices for studying during the first year of medical school was done. The answers were matched with their exam scores in the first year.
Most of students were using a device, as a learning tool and the most important purpose of it was its convenience, especially for taking notes during lectures. However, students who didn't use a device when they learned anatomy or who studied with the printouts showed a tendency of receiving better scores on exams.
Utilizing electronic devices for studying tends to be more convenient, but not effective for studying anatomy.
In order to examine the issue of women and health in Korean society, we need to adopt a new approach to consider health and body as a subject of social theory beyond the biomedical model. Health and diseases are not objective entities defined by universal standards that are separate from the patient or physician's life experience, but rather the products of social, cultural, and political processes. From this point of view, this paper explores Korean women and health in two aspects of health and medical field, that is, women as medical service beneficiaries and providers. First, the gender paradox phenomenon—women live longer, but suffer from more illnesses—was confirmed by evaluating the physical and mental health status of women. The life expectancy of Korean women is longer, but their morbidity rate of physical and mental health and subjective health evaluation is worse than men. Second, as medical service providers, the present status of female doctors showed the horizontal and vertical segregation in the medical labor market despite of the increase of female doctors and medical students. We pointed out the problems of gender inequality in health care sector and discuss policy implications of ‘gender specific medicine’ to improve women's health and medical education.
All Korean citizens should join the National Health Security System by law. The National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) are one of major components to support this system, and all data about medical expenses for the medical claims are stored and managed in the institutions. Recently, medical research using administrative claims databases has dramatically progressed in Korea and worldwide, and the methods how to use them are briefly reviewed in this article. Research using these databases have several strengths. Researchers can perform the complete enumeration survey in a real world. They can get new valuable findings because the number in the database is usually large enough to detect the minute difference with a big statistical power. They can obtain more detailed and reproducible results. Moreover, they can investigate a very rare disease or infrequent side effects of drugs. However, we must recognize that research using administrative claims database also has several incoherent limitations. These databases have not been constructed originally for research, but for reimbursement. Therefore, there are no important data including medical history and laboratory findings of each patient, which are crucial to adjust baseline characteristics. In addition, it is hard to discover causal relationship and direct association with the included information. In spite of limitations, researchers can easily use these databases for their research now than ever, and the results may be utilized not only to expand the academic knowledge but also to influence the determination of national healthcare policy.
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There are several problems which hamper the successful teaching of writing in medical education. To deal with these problems, teachers should be conscious of two general questions; what to teach in writing class for premedical students; and how to utilize the
This paper reviews a subject in premedical education,
Students accomplished the learning objectives and they recognized the value of peer assessment and feedback.
Peer assessment and peer feedback foster students' participation in class and accelerate the learning process. This strategy reminds students of the fact that they are writing an essay for an audience.
, Jae Jin Han, Claire Junga Kim, Hee Jung Choi, Joo Chun Yoon, Hye-Kyung Jung, Han Su Kim This paper aims to describe an outcome-based curriculum development process at a medical school that has difficulty in advancement from the higher stage outcomes to the individual lesson outcomes, and to propose a way to implement it practically.
We reviewed the objectives, strategies and previous products of the school's taskforce activities and suggested the principle of bidirectional approaches of outcome based curriculum development.
The developing strategy identified such as firstly, the evaluation of present curriculum and then, the review of the outcomes developed previously with considering the nation-wide environmental change in medical education. Then, we selected one example course which was focused the resources of the school to, and finally the product of the example course was propagated to the other courses with central monitoring.
Bidirectional model of ‘Top-down’ plus ‘Bottom-up’ approaches could be an efficient way to develop the outcome-based curriculum in a medical school, which has difficulties to advance the developing process due to various reasons including limited resources.
, Sang-Jin Shin Historically, Ewha University Medical Center roots from Boguyeogwan, which was founded by missionaries in 1887 as the first women's hospital. Inheriting the spirit of missions, Ewha Medical Care (EMC) is an official missionary activity of Ewha Womans University that provide regular mission trips to offer medical services in underdeveloped countries. The first EMC trip was to Nepal in 1989 at the request of Nepalese Sakura Rajbhandary, a graduate of Ewha Womans University Medical School. Mission trips continued to Nepal from 1989 to 2001, and since 2003 mission fields were changed to Cambodia, Vietnam, and Uzbekistan. Since 2014, EMC has sent 3 mission teams to each countries, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Uzbekistan, every year. The final mission of EMC in the future is to establish a missionary hospital in the third world where medical service is in need as Boguyeogwan was established by missionaries to protect and save poor Korean women in the past.
, Gyu Ryong Choi, Soo Seung Choi There are several types of research methodology in the medical research papers. Each of these research methodologies establish their proper purposes in the medical resarches. This study was performed to examine the frequencies and types of research methodologiy for the purpose of providing the prospective aspects.
We reviewed 765 research papers in the Ewha Medical Journal, from 1978 to 1995. The research paper were included all kinds of papers in the Ewha Medical Journal such as review articles, oiginal articles, case reviews and so on. And we classified the research metho-dologies into case study, clinical trial, observational study, experimetal study and study for di-agnostic methods.
Case study was most commonly used study design(332 papers,43.4%), followed by experimental study(185 papers, 24.2%). In the 1970s, case report(44.1%) was the most com-monly used study design and enxt was experimental study(17.7%). In the 1980s, also the most commonly used study design was case report(48.7%) and experimental study(24.9%) was mark-edly increased than 1970s. Not only the experimental study(24.8%)but also clinical trial(16.1%)was outstandingly increased in the 1990s. Especially experimental study and clinical trial in the clinical research papers were increased more and more to the 1990s. The most common paper volume was December(35.9%)in the Ewha Medical Journal. The differences of research metho-dology among basic science, medical part and surgical part were significant(p<0.01).
The authors suggested that the Ewha Medical Journal have been changed in the aspects of methodology, but have more qualitative arguementations on research metho-dology which are indispensable activities of prospective the Ewha Medical Journal.
Medical certificate, post-mortem examination or certificate guarantee their authenticity of the content through the article 233 of the criminal act. The article 233 of the criminal act states that if a medical or oriental medical doctor, dentist or midwife prepare false medical certificate, postmortem examination or certificate life or death, one shall be punished. To constitute the crime of issuance of falsified medical certificates, it is necessary for the contents of the certificate to be substantially contrary to the truth, as well as it is needed the subjective perception that the contents of the certificate are false. On the article 17 of the medical service act, no one may prepare a medical certificate, a report or certificate of postmortem examination to a patient or public prosecutor in a district public prosecutors' office, who conducts a medical service and has given the medical treatment or conducted the postmortem examination by him/herself: Provided that, such certificate or report may be issued for a patient without giving any medical treatment, if the patient has died within 48 hours after his/her last medical treatment, while if the medical doctor, dentist or oriental medical doctors who examined a patient or conducted a postmortem examination of the dead patient is unable to issue such certificate or report due to an inevitable cause or event, any other medical doctor, dentist or oriental medical doctor who works for the same medical institution, may issue such certificate or report based on the medical records of the patient.
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, Do-Sang Cho, Soon Sup Chung, Hye-Sook Park, Hoo Jae Hann This study was performed to provide information on the relationship between admission criteria and medical school performance (MSP). Seventy six medical students admitted to the Ewha School of Medicine in 2007 were enrolled. The admission criteria included the undergraduate grade point average (GPA), medical education eligibility test (MEET), essay, letters of recommendation, and admission interview score. MSP was measured by GPA. Standard tests of bivariate correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used to examine the relationship between multiple factors of admission criteria and MSP for the first two years after admission. Among the admission criteria, scores of undergraduate GPA, essay, and letters of recommendation were significantly correlated with MSP. Admission interview score, however, had no correlation with MSP. Although total MEET score was not related with MSP as well, science reasoning-2 demonstrated significant correlation with MSP. Further studies will be needed to define the clear relationship between various admission criteria and MSP.
, Miae Lee, Whasoon Chung Undergraduate medical students should learn oral presentation skills, which are central to physician-physician communication. The purpose of this study was to compare checklist scores with global ratings for evaluation of oral case presentation and to investigate interrater agreement in the scoring of checklists.
The study group included twenty-one teams of undergraduate medical students who did clerkship for 2 weeks in the department of Laboratory Medicine of Mokdong Hospital, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University from January 2005 to October 2006. Three faculty raters independently evaluated oral case presentations by checklists, composing of 5 items. A consensus scores of global ratings were determined after discusssion. Inter-rater agreement was measured using intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC). As the ICC values approaches 1.0, it means higher inter-rater agreement.
The mean of consensus global ratings was significantly higher than that of checklists by three faculty raters(12.6±1.7 vs 11.1±2.0,
These results suggest that checklist scores by faculty raters could be one of the most useful tools for evaluation of oral case presentation, if checklist would be modified to make less ambiguous and more objective and faculty raters would have opportunities to be educated and trained for evaluation skills of oral case presentation.
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, Kristi J Ferguson Comparing with the traditional curriculum which provides mainly basic medical science training in the first 2 years, the early exposure to clinical medicine is a major trend of medical education through recent decades. However the timing, extent, content and methods of the 'early clinical education' are not defined clearly and the application is various. Preparing the transformation of the curriculum from undergraduate to graduate entry at Ewha medical school, the concepts of 'early clinical exposure' into our new curriculum needs to be clear. We want to decide how early and how deep and what contents of clinical knowledge and skills are to be introduced in the new curriculum.
Literature review. Interview with a developer and the participants of the 'early clinical education' curricula which has been applied in the Carver College of Medicine, University of lowa since 1998.
The early exposure of clinical knowledge and skills has been introduced world widely and many curricula have it as early as the very week of entrance. Problem based learning, standardized patient program, clinical skill labs and clinical mentoring, etc. are being used with various modification. Early clinical education enhanced the loaming interest and professional minds to the medical students as well as their achievements.
The early clinical education will be applied to the new curriculum of the graduate school of medicine starting 2007 in Ewha Medical School.
, Jung Sun Kim, Sung Nam Cho, Young Sook Park This article is investigating the general status of hospital computerization and doctors' reactions to these changes in four general hospitals. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from two university-affiliated hospitals and two private general hospitals in Seoul. The questionnaire survey was conducted in 1996, and the data contain 81 doctors from four hospitals. We also collected in-depth-interview data from 8 doctors in these hospitals. We revewed the general status of information system and utilization level in general hospitals and analyzed doctors' response to these changes focusing on four areas of medical care ; 1) jobs and functions of the doctors in patient care; 2) doctors' autonomy and their status ; 3) doctors' relations with other personnel; and 4) the quality of medical care. The results are :
1) The general status of information system in general hospitals are limited to the comput-erization of the administrative part, and thus very few hospitals employ information system directly to the patient care.
2) In terms of doctors' job and functions, the computerization of the administrative part of hospital works increased the efficiency of doctors' patient care in charting, keeping and sear-ching data, but put more burden on them for doing double jobs of hand-writing and comput-erization.
3) The autonomy of doctors and their status have not been noticeably changed in the process so far, but there appears a possibility that doctors could defend themselves to the manager's control over them through information system.
4) The computerization of the hospital works tends to reduce an unnecessary face-to-face interaction, which is expected to facilitate communications in the hospital. There are also some changes in the relationship between doctors and semi-professional personnels such ans, nurse and medical technicians.
5) Doctors pointed out that a few positive effects of the computerization on the quality of medical care on patients' side have emerged and thus expected improvement in the quality of medical care in the future.
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