No abstract available in English.

Cis-DDP has been used as a radiosensitizer in combination treatment modality far malignanttumors, of which mechanism is uncertain. The efects of combined Cis-DDP and irradiationon number of tumors have been studied in vitro and in vivo. The effects of combined Cis-DDP and irradiation on the liver are important because the liver is a radiosensitive organand frequently exposed to irradiation during treatment for intra-abdominal malignancies. Butthe studies of combined Cis-DDP and irradiation on the liver have not been reported.

So, this study was peformed to see the effect of Cis-DDP in combination with radiationon the liver. Total 66 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups; control, Cis-DDP(2.5mg/kg) administration, radiation(6, 8, lOGy, respectively), and combined Cis-DDP and radia-tion. which consisted of pre- and post-administration of Cis-DDP. Light and electron microscopic examination was performed 30 days after each experiments.

Cis-DDP administration induced mild congestion and focal hemorrhage in hepatic lobuleswith focal necrosis and degeneration of hepatocytes. Electron microscopic examination showedirregular cytoplasmic organelles and chromatin clumping in hepatocytes. In radiation treatmentgroup. hemorrhage of hepatic lobules, necrosis and degeneration of hepatocytes, edema andinflammation in portal tracts were aggravated with increased dosage of radiation. Hepatic lobulardisarray and inflammatory cell infiltration in portal tracts were noted from 8 Gy radiation.Vacuoles and electron dense bodies as well as swollen mitochondria in hepatocytes were frequently noted on electron microscopic examination. With combined treatment all He light andelectron microscopic changes were more severe than radiation alone regardless of sequenceof Cis-DDP administration and lobular disarray and inflammation in portal tracts were startedto note with 6 Gy radiation. When the hepatic lobular disarray and inflammation in portaltracts were used as end-points. the enhancement ratio of Cis-DDP was 1.3 in normal rat livers.

The effects of radiation and Cis dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (Cis-DDP) were assessed in rectum of rats by histopathological changes. Rats were exposed to single doses of X ray(6~10 Gy) without or with Cis-DDP(2.5mg/kg). In combined group, Cis-DDP was given 30 minntes before or immediately after irradiation. Cis-DDP alone showed inflammatory cell infiltration and increased goblet cells in the mucosa and edema and fibrosis of submucosa with vascular sclerosis. With increased radiation dosage. such changes were aggravated. Necrosis of muscle layer developed 8 Gy irradiation. In groups with combination treatment of X-ray and Cis-DDP. changes of mucosa and submucosa were not significantly different from radiation alone group, but necrosis of the muscle layer was developed in 6 Gy combination group and degree was more severe in 8 and 10 Gy combination group compared to radiation alone group. There was no difference according to the timing of Cis DDP administration before or after irradiation. This result suggests Cis DDP enhance the radiation effect on the rectum of rats and enhancement ratio was 1.3 as the endpoint was necrosis of the muscle layer.

The effect of radiation and Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)(Cis-DDP) in combination was studied in the renal histopathologic changes of the rat. The histologic evaluation was performed 30 days after the single dose of Cis-DDP(2.5mg/kg) and X-ray irradiation(6,8,10 Gy. single dose) and combination of Cis-DDP and X-ray. For the combined treatment a single dose of Cis-DDP was given 30 min before or immediately after radiation(pre-and post-radiation group).

Cis-DDP alone, showed mild necrosis, degeneration, hemorrhage and focal inflammatory cell infiltrations in the renal tubule and mild congestion of the glomerulus. In radiation alone. edema of the glomerulus and tubular degeneration was seen with 10 Gy and 8 Gy, respectively. With combined chemotherapy and radiation, edema of glomeruli and tubular degeneration was seen with 8 and 6 Gy irradiation, respectively in both pre-and post-radiation group. Tubular necrosis and degeneration and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrations were more marked in pre-radiation group. When the edema of glomerulus was used as an endpoint, the enhancement ratio was 1.25 in normal rat kidney.

The response of the rat bladder to single dose of Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)(Cis-DDP). radiation(6-10 Gy). or combination of radiation and Cis-DDP was assessed from the histopathologic changes. For the combined treatment, a single dose of Cis-DDP(2.5mg/kg) was given 30 min before or immediately after radiation. Cis-DDP alone, show inflammatory cells infiltrations in the submucosa, soft tissue and muscle layer of the bladder. A single fraction of 6 Gy of X-ray irradiation produced congestion and edema in the submucosa and its degree was increased by increasing radiation dose. The vacuolization in the mucosa and degeneration and edema in the muscle layer was developed after 8 Gy X-ray irradiation. In combination of Cis-DDP and radiation, the edema and congestion of the mucosa and degeneration and edema of muscle layer were developed in 6 Gy X-ray irradiation group and its degree was more than radiation alone group. There was no significant difference in the change of the bladder according to the timing of Cis-DDP administration before or after the radiation. In combined group of Cis-DDP and radiation, enhancement ratio was 1.33 in normal bladder as the endpoint was the degeneration of the muscle layer.

Ninety five patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix was treated with definitive radiation therapy at Ewha Womans University Hospital from March 1982 through December 1985. Minimum 3-year follow-up was done.

According to FIGO stage. there were 15 (15.8%), 20 (21.0%), 32 (33.7%), 11 (11.6%), and 17 cases (17.9%) of stages IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, and IIIB, respectively. A combination of teletherapy by Linear accelerator 6MV and intracavitary radiotherapy with Cs-137 using Fletcher-suit applicator was done in all patients. Radiation doses to point A (paracervical area) and B (obturator node) were 80-90 Gy and 50-60 Gy, respectively in stages I-IIA and somewhat higher in stages IIB-IIIB.

The local control rates were 100, 85.0, 78.1, 63.6, and 58.8% in stages IB, IIA, IIIB, IIIA and IIIB, respectively. The most common failure site was pelvis (65.2%): six patients had locoregional failure with distant metastasis and two had only distant metastasis. Seven patients developed complications four had hematuria, two had rectal bleeding. and one had vesicovaginal fistula. Most of complications were developed between 2 and 3 years after completion of radiotherapy. Three-year survival rates were 100, 82.4, 78.1, 63.6, and 52.9% in stages IB. IIA. IIB. IIIA and IIIB. respectively.

Chemotherapeutic agents may alter the radiation response in the gastrointestinal epithelium by enhancing cell killing. Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)(Cis-DDP) has been known to interact with radiation, resulting in an apparent potentiation of radiation damage.

This experiment was designed to evaluate the enhancing potential of Cis-DDP for radiation effect in rat stomach.

Cis-DDP. 2.5mg/kg alone did not show significant changes in rat stomach. A single fraction of 6 and 8 Gy of radiation produced the slight submucosal edema only and 10 Gy of radiation produced the epithelial proliferation with atypical gland formation. There was no significant difference in findings of gastric mucosa according to the timing of Cis-DDP 2.5mg/kg administration before or after the radiation.

Radiobiological and clinical evidences indicate that irradiation combined with hyperthermia produce a significant improvement in therapeutic effect of cancer.

Hyperthermia can enhance the radiation effect as a synergistic reaction in irradiation combined with hyperthermia. Hyperthermia sensitize radioresistant S-phase and inhibit cellular recovery from the sublethal damage.

Ninety guinea pigs were divided into 4 groups for the experiment of application of irradiation combined with hyperthermia on their heart; (1) normal control group. (2) group receiving only hperthermia. (3) group receiving a single dose of irradiation of 10, 20 and 30 Gy resepectively. (4) group receiving varying single dose of irradiation like group (3) irradiation combined hyperthermia. Heating by 100 watt. 2450 MHz microwave hyperthermia on the heart was applied for 30 minutes maintaining 42~45℃ immediately following irradiation.

Microscopic examination and calculation of thermal enhancement ratio were carried out and results were as follows:

1) Hyperthermia alone did not evoke much changes. compared to normal control group.

2) In the group of irradiation alone. myocrdial muscle degeneration was noted in l0Gy irradiation and its severity was increased along with radiation dose.

3) In the group of irradiation alone. myocardial muscle necrosis was noted at 15 days after 20Gy irradiation. In the group of irradiation cmbined with hyperthermia. myocardial muscle necrosis was noted in l0Gy irradiation.

4) In the group of irradiation alone, interstitial fibrosis was noted at 15 days after 30Gy irradiation. In the group of irradiation combined with hyperthermia. interstitial fibrosis was noted at 15 days after 20Gy irradiation and its severity was increased along with radiation dose.

5) The thermal enhancement ratio(TER) was 1.5 on the end point of interstitial fibrosis of the guinea pig heart.

The interaction of Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)(Cis-DDP) with irradiation may be important in the clinical settings for which this drug is currently used.

Since the skin is a major tissue for the uptake of Cis-DDP and its uptake level persists for several days, experiments were designed to evaluate the potential of Cis-DDP for enhancing the damage or the irradiated skin in rats.

For experiments, 42 rats were used and radiation dose was 30Gy in single fraction and the dose of Cis-DDP was 2.5mg/kg. The results of these experiments suggest that a Cis-DDP dose of 2.5mg/kg produces no incrase skin damage when the drug was administered IP 30min before, or 15min after irradiation.

The maximum ionization point of supervoltage X-ray radiation modality is moved to subcutaneous tissue by the build up effect, as the result, the surface dose of the skin is decreased. It is necessary to measure the accurate dose distribution of supervoltage X-ray radiation modality and determine its biological effect on the skin in order to increase the effect of radiation therapy. By using 6MV Linear accelerator, the absorbed dose of the skin and subcutaneous tissue was determined by physical aspect in relationship of 6 MV X-ray and tissue and a uniform formula was developed. For the experiment, guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups. A single irradiation group was irradiated with 10-60Gy, and a single irradiation group with 0.5cm, 1.0cm and 1.5cm bolus was irradiated with 10-40Gy, and fractionation group was irradiated with 20Gy by 3 fractionation for 1 week and with 30Gy, 2, 3, 5 fractionation for 1week and 2weeks respectively. The results were as follows: 1) The absorbed dose of 6MV X-ray was increased depending on the depth of skin and its maximum point was 1.5cm from skin surface. 2) The skin score by a single dose irradiation was proportionally increased by the dose and D_1-5, dose at the point of skin score 1.5 was 25Gy. 3) The maximum skin reaction by a single dose irradiation was developed about 24th day after irradiation and generally the skin reaction was developed earlier in higher dose. 4) By using the bolus, the skin score was increased by the ratio of 53%, 78%, and 100% of dose increment depending on the thickness of the bolus 0.5cm, 1.0cm and 1.5cm respectively. 5) The light microscopic finding of a single dose irradiation without bolus showed more prominent changes in the dermis than epidermis, whereas a single dose irradiation with bolus showed prominent epidermal change. 6) Electron microscopic findings of a single dose irradiation with bolus were severe edema and degeneative change of collagen and dermal appendages in dermis. 7) The skin score of fractionation group was decreased by incresing number of fractionation and duration of overall time in the same total dose. 8) The skin reaction in epidermis was correspond to depth dose of 0.4cm from the surface in biological effect. 9) The biological isodose effect by fractionation irradiation of 6MV X-ray was correspond to number of fractionation of Ellis formula, but the change by overall time is slightly decreased in longer time(T^0.08).

Most juvenile polyps develop as isolated colonic lesions in children less than 12 years of age and average age is 4-year-old.

Rectal bleeding is the most common symptom and family history is generally negative and malignant potentiality is absent.

On barium enema, the polyps are identified roundish filling defect, often pedunculated, which are located most commonly in the rectum or sigmoid.

Juvenile polyps are retention or inflammatory polyps and predominant histological feature is an abundant connective tissue stroma which contains cystic structures lining by simple epithelium and numerous inflammatory cells may be present.

A 12-year-old boy has been complained of rectal bleeding and rectal prolapse during defecation for 6 months and Juvenile polyposis has been confirmed by radiological (complete double contrast barium enema) and pathological findings.