Based on urological statistic results, finding a cyst in prostate are not common cases. The size of cysts are usually smaller than prostate and they are also generally found within prostate or seminal vesicles.

Nevertheless, we have experienced a case of a large prostaic cystadenoma which is misdiagnosed as a mullerian duct cyst.

A 55-year-old male visited Ewha Woman's University Hospital with the symptom of residual urine sensation and no other specific symptoms. We could find a large multiple septated cystic mass in his pelvis by CT scan. The large multiple septated cystic mass seemed a Mullerian duct cyst. But after surgical excision, the department of pathology noticed us it was a prostatic cystadenoma.

Presently, we report this case with a review of the mullerian duct cyst and other cyst associated with prostate.

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• A Clinical Case Report of Severe Hematuria Patient after Ureterolith Lithotripsy
  Sang Hyun Lee, Ju Yong Jeong, Myoung Rae Cho
  Korean Journal of Acupuncture.2015; 32(3): 144.     CrossRef

Cystic lymphangioma is a very rare condition of unknown etiology. It is generally regarded as a developmental malformation in which obstruction or agenesis of lymphatic tissue results in lymphagi-ectasis secondary to lack of normal communication of the lymphatic system.

Most lymphagiomas occur in the neck(75%) and axillary region(20%). Lymphagiomas may rarely occur in the retroperitoneum, mediastinum and mesentery.

We report a case of 42-year-old woman with histologically proven cystic lymphagioma retroperitoneum.

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• Clinical Aspects of Intraabdominal Cystic Lymphangioma in Korea
  Woon-Tae Na, Tae-Hee Lee, Byung-Seok Lee, Seok-Hyun Kim, Hee-Bok Chae, Seok Bae Kim, Yong-Seok Kim, Sun-Moon Kim, Euyi-Hyeog Im, Kyu-Chan Huh, Young-Woo Choi, Young-Woo Kang
  The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2010; 56(6): 353.     CrossRef

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and 20 percent of Rhabdomyosarcoma in children arise in the urogenital. The paratesticular rhabdomyo-sarcoma is a highly malignant neoplasm with early invasion and metastases, which has retroperitoneal metastases in about half of the patient at time of dignosis. However, the survival rates have been improved greatly by using multimoaltherapy.

We report a case of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma with brief review of the literatures.

Primary signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder accounts for less than 1 per centof all primary bladder neoplasm. 19 cases have been reported in the literature.

This tumor is insidious because of its subepithelial infiltrative nature, which makes diagnosis possible only late in the course of the disease.

Survival is poor ; greater 50 per cent of the patients are dead within a year after diagnosis.Radical surgery offers the only hope of palliation ; irradiation and chemotherapy have notbeen effective.

We are reporting two cases of primary signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder treatedwith radical cystectomy with pathological findings and review of the literature.

The largest character of the modern society, so called the era of the information. is 'C&C'(Computer and communication). As the up-to-date science and new knowledges develope,so far there is increasement of the real necessity of the computer to use huge medical informationmore rapidly and effectively.

As the electronic industry is developed, it is possible to do a business with the personalcomputer(PC), which was possible only by a large-computer at past.

After the recognition of the rational inevitability of the business computerization, and ifsomeone looks for the sujects to computerize. they must choose the supervision of the clinicaldata about the in-patient first of all.

The patient supervising system should retain the databases which serve the reference functionto user's requirements. Under these purposes, it is very important to classify the cases dependingon the names of the diagnoses and operations, and easy and rapid recollect of the appropriatedata. And of course this system also be able to contribute to the research and education aswell as the preservation of the patient data.

So, we report the results of 2-year practice in urologic patient supervising program, whichwe enlighted for presenting the guidelines for Program making of the in-patinent data- supervi-sion and the standard for the mandatory clause and database files so that in order to gaugethe ability of the computerization of the patient supervision with PC from now on.

Castleman's disease(Giant lymph node hyperplasia) is a disorder characterized by massive enlargement of lymph node in the mediastinum and occurs rarely in the neck, axillary area and abdomen. Giant lymph node hyperplasia was first described by Castleman in 1954. The Castleman's disease in the retropertoneum is the extremely rare disease according to the literatures.

The authors experienced a Castleman's disease in the retroperitoneum of 40 year old male patient who had been suffered from intermittent abdominal discomfort and indigestion. and so reported the case with thereview of the literatures.

Benign urethral neoplasm, especially leiornyoma of the female urethra, is a very rare entity, with relatively few cases reported.

Recently we experienced 3 cases of leiomyoma in the female urethra and so reported with review of the literatures.

Treatment of benign urethral strictures frequently is difficult because of a high rate of recurrence.

In general electrocautery resection of fibrous scar tissue has been unsatisfactory. since the irregular thermal injury may only promote further scarring. Because of their unique physical properties and tissue effects lasers theoretically offer advantages over conventional techniques for treatment of urethral strictures. The thermal injury resulting from neodymium : YAG laser irradiation may heal with more elastic properties and less fibrous contraction than an electrocautery burn. Accordingly endoscopic application of laser energy could produce thermal coagulation of the fibrous area with a secondary slough of the scar tissue and re-epithelialization without scar.

A total of 19 cases with benign urethral strictures underwent treatment with circumferential application of neodymium : YAG laser irradration to the scarred area after endoscopic cold urethrotomy.

There were no adverse effects and although one patient suffered recurrent stricture within 2 months, the postoperative results were good in all patients including recurrent case.

We reviewd our experience with neodymium : YAG laser treatment of benign urethral strictures.

Urolithiasis is common but one the most important disease in the field of urology. Recently the incidence of urolithiasis is increasing according to the improvement of living standards in Korea. Althought the etiology and pathogenesis of urolithiasis are interactions of a very complex process ans has not yet been clearly established, it is believed that diet containing calcium, a one of the stone forming-components, such as milk may play a principle role in the stone formation.

We carried out epidemiologic study to determine the relationship between urilithiasis and dietary pattern changes to westernized food in Korean people. Comparision study was carried out between 1970s and 1980s.

The following results were obtained :

1) The yearly personal consumption of rice was not much changed in 1970s but in 1980s it continued to decrease. The yearly barley consumption continued to decrease after late 1970s, declining to level below 2kg in 1987.

2) The yearly personal comsumption of meat was not much changed upto mid 1970s but after 1977 it continueed to increase, showing 2.7 times increase in 1989 compared to that of 1977.

3) The yearly personal consumption of milk and dairy products was markedly increased ; 8.4 times in 1970s and 3.6 times in 1980s. In 1989 it increased 35.2 times compared to that of 1970.

4) Changes in the ratio of patients with urolithiasis to the total patients admitted to urologic department was not remarkable, but yearly, number of patients with urolithiasis continued to increase, especially from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. In 1970s the urolithiasis prevalence was highest in the regious such as Pusan, Kyungbook, Honam but in 1980s it changed its stage to Seoul.

5) Age distribution revealed under the age of 20, no specific changes were noted in both 1970s and 1980s. In 1970s urolithiasis patients over the age of 40 revealed high increase rate 3.4 times, but in 1980s age group over 40 only showed 1.6 times increase. to the surprise, age group between 20-40 showed 1.4 times increase, indicating not much differences between both age groups in patient numbers of increase rate.

6) Sex prevalence was greater in famale than male in both 1970s and 1980s.

7) Locational prevalence of urolithiasis showed increased rate of renal stone in both 1970s and 1980s. But that of bladder stone was not remarkable.

8) Seasonal prevalence revealed highest prevalence rate in summber and lowest in winter.

9) Through analysis of following factors ; higher living standards due to ecnomic growith, increased milk and meat concumption due to change in dietary pattern to westernized food, decrease carbohydrates such as rice and barley, we can conclude that dietary change is closely related to urolithiasis and its correlation is more significant in 1980s than 1970s.

Superfical bladder tumor can be easily treated by transurethral resection, but the recurrent rate is up to 40~70% and if recurred it is more invasive.

Lasers can not only destroy tumor tissuebut but also seal up vessels and lymphatics with vaporization and coagulation by virtue of the hyperthermic effect that can occur when intense energy of laser is absorbed and transformed into heat. So it is more effective and safe on treatment of superficial bladder tumor than eletric coagulation.

The authors used the Nd-YAG laser for the treatment of 70 patients with superficial bladder tumor and followed more than 12 months at Ewha Womans University hospital from Oct. 1985 to July 1987.

The following results were obtained ;

1) Patients' age ranged from 33 to 82 years(mean 57.1) 63 of 70 patients were male and 7 of those were female, Follow up interval ranged from 12 to 52 months(mean 29).

2) Average energy of application was 4,509 joules. Average energy application for single lesion less than 2 cm was 2,977 and that for multiple lesion or more than 2 cm was 16,231 joules, respectively. No spectively. No specific complications were observed.

3) Of 70 patients, 15 patients were recurred and the recurrent rate was 21.4%. The range or currence interval was 3 to 37 months(average 12.1).

4) Of the recurred patients, 73.3% of all cases was recurred within one year. Two cases were progressive to invasive type.

5) Grade was more important factor than stage recurred rate and time.

Recurrence rate by grade was 20% in grade II and 50% in grade III. And recurrence interval by grade were 13.5 month in grade II and 4.7 month in grade III respectively.

We concluded that Neodymium-YAG laser was excellent and safe on treatment of superficial bladder tumor.

Cholesteatoma is a form of squamous metaplasia resulting in a collection of keratin composed of desquamated epithelial cells and occurs extremely rarely in the urinary tract.

Cholesteatoma of the renal plvis was first described by Ebstein in 1982. Since the fewer than 30 cases have been reported until now in the literatures.

The authors experienced a cholesteatoma of the renal pelvis in 42 years old female patient who had been suffered from intermittent right flank pain, and reported the case with review of the literatures.

Retrocaval ureter is a rare congenital anomaly that occurs is patients almost exclusively on the right side. The usual cause is the persistence of fetal posterior cardinal vein, then the ureter passes posterior to the vena cava and is deviated medially as the vena cava migrates medially to its normal position. This produces the typical S-shaped configuration of retrocaval ureter. Since 1983, when Hochstetter first described this condition. about 200 cases have been reported(8 cases in Korea).

Herein we will report on 2 cases with the brief review of literatures.

Primary non-refluxing, non-obstructed megaureter is a rare condition among the megaureter.

A 11 month old monozygote twin baby had been admitted due to blood and pus tinged spotson a diaper. Although the excretory urogram showed moderately dilated left ureter, but the voiding cystogram and diruetic renogram showed no reflux and no obstruction. So we diagnosed as a primary non-refluxing, non-obstructed megaureter.

We report this case with the review of literatures.

Acute scrotum is any pathologic condition of the scrotum or intrascrotal contents that requires emergency medical or surgical management. Among the acute scrotum acute epididymitis and spermatic cord torsion are most difficult to differentiate each other because of their similar symptoms and sings.

Clinical analysis was undertaken on 45 patients with acute epididymitis and spermatic cord torsion.

The following results were obtained.

1) There were 36 patients with acute epididymitis and 9 spermatic cord torsion.

2) Mean ages were 32.6 year old in acute epidiymitis and 12.5 spermatic cord torsion.

3) Symptoms and sings showed no significant differences from each other, but Prehn's sign was somewhat useful.

4) In 5 patients with spermatic cord torsion that had arrived to the hospital within 24 hours from onset of symptoms, the testis could be saved.

5) Testicular scan with 99mTc-pertechnetate was performed in 17 patients and the diagnostic accuracy was 94%.

6) Twenty-one patients with acute epididymitis had urinary tract infections and 3 spermatic cord torsion had cryptorchidisms.

Urolithiasis is the most important disease and one of the most common diseases in the fields of Urology, and recently the incidence of urolithiasis has increasing tendency with the improvement of living condition in Korea. Though the cause of urolitiasis has not clearly yet, it has been beleived that diet with food containing rich calcium, phosphate, oxalate and uric acid components plays a great role in the stone formation. Prevously the author had clarified the relationship between urolithiasis and diversified and westernized food life with milk and diary products in Koresn people. Accurate analysis of urinary calculi is fundamental for study of the etiology of stone formation and essential for treatment and prevention of urolithiasis. In this article, by the biochemical method the author had analyzed 100 urinary calculi randomly selected among calculi which were obtained from the patients with urolithiasis during the past 8 years and 7 months from April, 1976 to October, 1984, and made a study of 593 patients with urolithiasis who were admitted to our department of Urology in the same period with retrospective statistical analysis by computer. The following results were obtained. 1) The result of biochemical analysis of 100 urinary calculi revealed multiple composition in all cases and the most part of calculi(73%) were composed with calcium, magnesium, phosphate, oxalate, xantine, and uric acid. Calcium component containing calculi were 97% and only organic component containing calculi were 1%

We observed one case of giant hydronephrosis, containing 7,500cc of urine. It was caused by stricture at uretero-pelvic junction and confirmed with retrograde pyeloureterogram.

Herein we reported this case with a review of the literatures.

No abstract available.

A hydrocele is a common disease and it can be caused by etiological factors such as congenital anomaly, inflammation, trauma or parasitic infection. The great majority of hydroceles are idiopathic variety. Hydrocele of the tunica vagunalis is common in the new born and most of these fluid collection subside spontaneously during the first week of life. A hydrocele may develop secondary to local injury, tuberculous epididymitis or testicular neoplasm. Chronic hydroceles are common in tropical and subtropical areas where the incidence of filariasis is high. A clinical observation was made on 50 cases with hydrocele who had been admitted to department of urology, during the period from Apr. 1, 1976 to Mar. 31, 1981. The results were as fllows; 1. The incidence of hydrocele was 4.9% to total number of in-patient, 7.2% to total number of mail in-patient and 29.2% to total number of scrotal disease. 2. The most common population was 0-10 years of age giving a rate of 68%. 3. There were 28 cases in the right(56%), 19 cases in the left(38%) and 3 cases bilateral(6%). 4. There were 22cases of primary(44%), 15 cases congenital(30%), and 13 cases of secondry hydrocele(26%).