Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage renal disease patients. However, the relative shortage of organs for transplantation has led to ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation as an accepted method to expand the pool of kidney donors. Recent advances in immunosuppression and antibody removal methods have made ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation more feasible, and have increased the opportunities for patients to receive kidney transplantation, as well as for special patients with ABO-compatible donor. Indeed, the outcome of ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation has shown remarkable developments and is now comparable to that of ABO-compatible kidney transplantation during last decade. However, there are still some uncertain issues to be addressed in ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation. In this article, we reviewed the current status and protocol of ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation and listed the concerns to be addressed in near future.
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To evaluate the clinical significances of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) and IgM Rheumatoid Factor(RF) in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis.
The subjects included 86 established RA patients according to the revised ACR criteria and 46 non-RA patients presenting joint manifestations and 61 healthy individuals as control. Anti-CCP and IgM RF were measured by ELISA and nephelometric method, respectively.
The sensitivity and specificity of anti-CCP were 64% and 98% and of IgM RF were 69% and 76%, respectively. Eleven (4 I %) out of 27 sero-negative RA patients had elevated anti-CCP. Combination of anti-CCP with IgM RF increased diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of RA to 81% and 99%, respectively.
Simultaneous measurement of IgM RF and anti-CCP for the initial evaluation of arthritis would increase the diagnostic efficacy of RA.