Ewha Medical Journal

"Uterine cervical neoplasms"

Original article

[English]

Immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, estrogen receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in p16-positive premalignant and malignant cervical squamous lesions: associations with clinicopathological parameters: Ashwini Pitambra, Jitendra Singh Nigam, Immanuel Pradeep, Ashutosh Rath, Seetu Palo, Naina Kumar; Received December 10, 2025 Accepted January 19, 2026 Published online January 28, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2025.01088 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract
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Purpose
Human papillomavirus is the dominant etiological factor underlying atypical cervical squamous epithelial cell abnormalities and cervical carcinoma. Currently, only a limited number of drugs targeting specific biomarkers in cervical cancer are available. This study aimed to assess the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and the Ki-67 proliferative index (Ki-67) in p16-positive cervical squamous premalignant and malignant lesions, which may help clarify the potential role of targeted therapies in cervical cancer.
Methods
In p16-positive, histologically proven premalignant and malignant cervical lesions, ER, HER2, and Ki-67 expression were evaluated according to predefined criteria.
Results
p16 showed strong nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity in 54 of 56 cases. Patchy nuclear positivity was mainly observed in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cases (2/56). Ki-67 demonstrated a variable proliferative index ranging from 5% to 95% across all cases, with higher indices predominantly observed in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). ER positivity in LSIL, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and SCC was 100% (2/2), 66.7% (10/15), and 46.15% (18/39), respectively. HER2 expression was predominantly negative, observed in 78.6% (44/56) of cases, equivocal in 17.8% (10/56), and positive in 3.6% (2/56). Both HER2-positive cases were SCC. ER and HER2 interpretations were analyzed and were not significantly correlated with clinical or pathological parameters.
Conclusion
ER positivity decreased with progression of cervical squamous lesions, and HER2 expression was rare in cervical squamous neoplasia. No statistically significant correlation was identified between ER or HER2 expression and clinicopathological parameters. The findings of the current study may help fill gaps in the existing literature and provide essential foundational knowledge for optimizing emerging therapeutic strategies, including ER- and HER2-related therapies.

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Case Report

[English]

Primary Lymphoma of Cervix: Ji Eun Shim, Juhui Kim, Mi-Kyung Kim, Yun Hwan Kim, Seung Cheol Kim; Ewha Med J 2021;44(2):41-45. Published online April 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2021.44.2.41

Abstract
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Lymphomas that originate from the female genital tract are very rare. Primary cervical lymphoma only accounts for less than 1% of all extra-nodal lymphomas. Clinical manifestations of primary cervical lymphoma can be nonspecific, vaginal bleeding being the most common symptom, and this makes timely diagnosis often difficult. Prognosis and optimal treatment have yet been established due to the rarity of the disease. In this article, a rare case of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of cervix is reported with a review of the available literature.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

High-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements presenting as a cervical mass
Chiao Lin, Leslie Kuma, Linda Shen
Pathology.2024; 56(4): 588. CrossRef