Granuloma annulare is a chronic, benigh, degenerative dermatosis, usually developes on the dorsum of hand or foot. A case is reported of localized granuloma annulare on the both ear helices of a 21-year-old male with no history of precipitating causes, including trauma, insect bite, diabetes mellitus, or rheumatoid arthritis. The histology was typical palisading granulomas. Auricular granuloma annulare is rare. A brief review of the pathogenesis and literature is presented.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is a spontaneously regressing disorder of healthy fullterm of postterm infants, characterized by symmetric, firm, erythematous to violaceous sub-cutaneous nodules and plaques. Histopathologically, subcutaneous fat necrosis with granu-lomatous panniculitis and needle-shaped clefts in the cytoplasm of foamy and multinucleated histiocytic giant cells are diagnostic.

We report an uncomplicated case of subcutaneous fat necrosis in a 21-day-old, normally delivered male infant, which developed on the fourth day of life and spontaneously regressed in 4 months.

No abstract available in English.

We report a case of mixed connective tissue disease in a 35-year-old woman showing typicallaboratory and clinical features. Clinically she suffered from hand edema, arthritis, proximalmuscle weakness, loss of hair and Raynaud's phenomenon. FANA revealed a speckled epidermal nuclear staining pattern. Analysis of serum showed anti RNP antibody positive and antiSm antibody negative. Anti DHA antibody occurred in low titer. The patient showed a promptreponse to prednisone 0.5mg per body weight without any recurrence.

No abstract available in English.

We experienced a case of venous hemangioma, which was clinically suspected as a granuloma pyogenicum but confirmed histopatholoically. The patient was a 27-year-old woman, who showed erythematous bluish nontender nodules on the right nostril and ala nasi. Histopathologic examination showed blood vessels with thick fibromusclar wall and thin wall in the dermis. The blood vessel with thick wall was lined by a single layer of endothelial cells and lacked elastic fibers on Verhoeff van Gieson stain.

She was treated with surgical excision, laser therapy(SPTL-1) and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection.

We report a case of multiple leiomyoma of the scrotum in a 44-year-old man.

Several pinhead sized erythematous papules developed on the scrotum 1 year ago and the number was gradually increased. The skin lesion was painless and did not show any difference due to temperature changes such as colorless and external stimuli.

Histologically, there was hyperplasia of bundles of smooth muscle fibers in the dermis. The smooth muscle fibers contained centrally located, thin, very long, blunt-edged, "eel-like" nuclei.

The study was performed to get the basic knowledge about the changes of the cyclic AMP concentration and protein contents in cultured human melanocyte during 7 weeks of cultivation.

The results are as follows :

1) The concentrations of cyclic AMP were linearly increased from the 1st week to the 3rd week up to 8.l0×10^-5 pmoles/cell and 0.85 pmoles/mg of protein, which were found to be 2.88-fold and 1.73-fold larger than the those of the 1st week's cultivation. The concentrations of cyclic AMP then gradually decreased from the 3rd week to the 7th week of the cultured-lifespan.

2) The biosynthetic amount of protein was found to be 1.74×10^-5mg/cell on the 1st weekand 9.51×10^-5mg/cell on the 3rd week of cultivation. Values were gradually declined from the 3rd week to the 7th week of cultivation.

In the present investigation, it is clear that the amount of protein content and the concentration of cyclic AMP in the cultured human melanocytes derived form the epidermis of human skin were vividly increased up to the 3rd week of cultivation.

Thus, it might be suspected that the suitable time for the successful transplantation of cultured human melanocytes is around the 3rd week of cultivation.

A lipid absorbent tape(Sebutape®)is a new device for measurement of skin surface lipid I have tested the utility of lipid absorbent tape method for the measurement of sebum secretion rates of 20 healthy adult males comparing with conventional hexane extraction technique. The results are as follows :

1) The average amount of total sebum collected using lipid absorbent tape technique and hexane extraction technique were 109.20±43.89µg/3hrs/cm² and 113.94±47.l2µg/3hrs/cm² respectively. and the correlated well(r=0.93).

2) The 2 techniques were in good accord with reference to their efficacy in collection of free fatty acid(r=0.55). triglyceride(r=0.76). wax and cholesterol esters(r=0.91), and squlaene (r=0.89) from the surface of the skin, but the correlation of cholesterol(r=0.17) was poor.

3) Lipid absorbent tape furnished a good means of visualization of the droplets produced by individual follicles.

Above results indicate that the lipid absorbent tape provide a new convenient technique for the measurement of sebum secretion rate and quantitation of components of skin surface lipids.

Patch tests with patients' own cosmetics, cosmetic series type 17 and 18, and Hollister-Stier antigens were performed in 246 cases of suspected cosmetic contact dermatitis.

The positive rates of patch tests with patients' own cosmetics, cosmetic series and Hollister-Stier antigens were 63.5% .56.8%. and 51.8% respectively.

Cinamic alcohol, benzyl salicylate, jasmin abosolute, PPDA, ammoniated mercury, balsam of Peru were the most commonly identified antigens.

Among the cosmetics, skin care products were dominant causes of the cosmetic contact dermatitis.

The positive rate of foreign cosmetics was more than 1.4 fold higher than the domestic ones.

We report a case of Becker's nevus with smooth muscle harmatoma in a 24-year-old man, who showed localized excessive-hairy, dark brown colored patch including pin-head sized follicular papules on the left side of bucca, mandible and neck. Histologic examination revealed hyperpigmentation of the basal layer of epidermis and hyperplasia of smooth muscle bundles in the dermis.

Reactive perforating collagenosis is a unique cutaneous disorder characterized clinically by recurrent, umbilicated, crusted papules arising in response to minor trauma. This disorder belongs to a group of dermatologic conditions that have been classified as "transepidermal elimination" syndrome.

We report a patient with acquired reactive perforating collagenosis without any associated disease and family history.

The composition of skin surface lipids of scalp was studied by thin-layer chromatography and photodensitometry in 10 normal adult males.

The results are as follows:

1) In each of the subjects, the scalp skin surface lipids were composed of cholesterol, free fatty acid. triglyceride, wax ester, steryl ester, squalene and saturated hydrocarbon.

2) The average value of cholesterol was 3.0±0.78%, and free fatty acid 26.9±6.61%, triglyceride 18.4±6.62%. wax ester 24.3±4.58%. steryl ester 3.2±2.64%, squalene 17.1±2.67%, hydrocarbon 6.6±12.54%.

3) Free fatty acid/triglyceride ratio was 1.68±0.76.

4) Epidermal lipid(cholesterol+steryl ester)/sebaceous lipid(wax ester+squalene) ratio was 0.15±0.06.

These data show the distinctive feature of scalp skin surface lipids, namely the high sebaceous lipids content and low concentration of epidermal lipids.

The sale of hair products has expanded enormously in the last decade. Shampoos constitue the bulk of these products, and shampooing is almost a daily rite for many persons. Especially medicated shampoos & topical steroids were using due to dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis.

Twenty patients with dandurff were treated for 3 weeks by 2.5% selenium sulfide shampoo, 0.15% zine pyrithione shampoo, 2% ketoconazole shampoo, 0.1% hyprocortisone butyrate lotion. All of 4 groups, there corneocyte & nucleocyte counts were decresed remarkably after treatment. And then, we thought that it may be the more effective treatment with low side effect, if adequate combination of these medicated shampoos and topical steroid were used in dandruff and sebrorrheic dermatitis patients.

Cosmetics that are moderately to strongly comedogenic in the rabbit ear model test have been found to be capable of inducing comedones in human model.

In humans the test cosmetics were applied under occlusion for 4 weeks to the scapular region of young adults. The degree of follicular hyperkeratosis was assessed by a noninvasive skin surface biopsy technique, employing a fast-setting cyanoacrylate adhesive to remove the follicular content.

The rabbit model was more sensitive than the human. The test materials were applied once every day for 2 weeks onto the ventral surface of ear just external to ear canal. Excised tissue was thus immeresd in water at 60℃ for 2 minutes, yielding a sheet of epidermis with microcomedones attached.

The magnitude of follicular hyperkeratosis was assessed under the stereomicroscope. High correlation between assay results of comedogenicity in humans and rabbits was found. So, it was concluded that rabbit ear assay is a simple and rapid method to assess the comedogenicity of cosmetics and other contactants.

The connecitve tissue nevus represents a hamartoma of various components of dermal connective tissue elements, predominantly collagen, elastin or glycosaminoglycans. We present a case of connective tissue nevus on both hands, right elbow, right knee area. This case was a 9-year-old male who have had skin colored or yellowish plaques without subjective symptoms and there was no trauma histroy.

This present study was performed to evaluate the comedogenicity of several cosmetics. The test materials were applied to one ear canal of three rabbits daily for 6 weekdays for 2 weeks.

The results were as follow :

1) Among the 14 cosmetics, extremely weak comedogenicity was shown in one cosmetic, mild comedogenicity in 10 cosmetics and moderate comedogenicity in 3 cosmetics.

2) There were no significant differences of comedogenicity among cosmetic species.

3) The rabbit ear assay was a rapid, effective screening test for evaluation of comedogenicity of cosmetics.

A study was made on 1,210 cases of skin tumors which were diagnosed by histopathologic examination during the periods of 14 years and 6 months from January, 1975 to June, 1989 at Department of Dermatology, Ewha Womans University Hospital in Seoul.

The results were summerized as follow ;

1) The 1,210 cases of skin tumors consisted of 1,020 cases(84.3%) of benign and 190 cases(15.7%) of malignant tumors, and male to female ratio was 1: 1.4.

2) Male to female ratio for benign tumors was 1:1.6 and for malignant tumors 1.3:1.

3) Among 1,020 cases of benign tumors, 257 cases(25.2%) originated from epidermis, 213 cases(20.9%) from melanocyte, 134 cases(13.1%) from epidermal appendages, 107 cases(10.5%) from fibrous tissue, 86 cases(8.4%) from vessel, 59 cases(5.8%) from nerve, 30 cases(2.9%) from fat tissue, 10 cases(1.0%) from smooth muscle and 126 cases(12.4%) from others.

4) Among 1,020 cases of benign tumors, the most frequent tumor was syringoma(69 cases) which was followed by epidermal cyst(67 cases), epidermal nevus(58 cases). seborrheic keratosis(58 cases), urticaria pigmentosa(52 cases), neurofibromatosis(50 cases). intradermal nevus(42 cases), pyogenic granuloma(39 cases), acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules(37 cases) and others(530 cases)

5) The predilection sites were face(82.6%) in syringoma, head(40.3%) in epidermal cyst, extremities(41.4%) in epidermal nevus, face(60.3%) in seborrheic keratosis, trunk(78.8%) and extremities (73.1%) in urticaria pigmentosa, trunk and extremities(100%) in neurofibromatosis, face(40.5%) in intradermal nevus, extremities(43.6%) in pyogenic granuloma.

6) Among 190 cases of malignant tumors, 57 cases(30.0%) of basal cell carcinoma, 47 cases(24.7%) of squamous cell carcinoma, 17 cases(8.9%) of malignant melanoma, 15 cases(7.9%) of Bowen's disease, 15 cases(8.9%) of Paget's disease, 11 cases(5.8%) of mycosis fungoides, 10 cases(5.3%) of metastatic cancers and 16 cases(8.4%) of others were observed.

7) The average ages of patients with malignancies were 55.6 years in basal cell carcinoma, 56.2 years in squamous cell carcinoma, 54.4 years in malignant melanoma, 58.1 years in Bowen's disease, 58.2 years in Paget's disease, 57.8 years in mycosis fungoides, 53.3 years in metastatic cancers.

8) The predilection sites were face(93.0%) in basal cell carcinoma, head(51.5%) in squamous cell carcinoma, soles(52.9%) in malignant melanoma, tnunk(33.3%) in Bowen's disease, penis(60.0%) in extramammary Paget's disease, trunk and extremities(81.8%) in mycosis fungoides, trunk(60.0%) in metastatic cancers.

9) Among 10 cases of cutaneous metastatic cancers, primary sites were stomach in 4 cases, lung in 1 cases and unknown in 5 cases.

Focal acral hyperkeratosis is clinically identical to acrokeratoelastoidosis but histologically lacks the elastorrhexis which is a feature of acrokeratoelastoidosis. We present a case of focal acral hyperkeratosis in a 50 year old woman. About 20 years ago, a few pinhead sized papules developed on radial side of index fingers. Thereafter size and number of papules have been gradually increased to cover entire hands sparing palms and dorsa of feet. The histopathologic study showed characteristic findings of focal acral hyperkeratosis. After treatment with etretinate, the size and thickness of lesions were reduced.

Pemphigus erythematosus(Senear-Usher syndrome) was originally described by Senear and Usher as a type of pemphigus with features of lupus erythematosus. We present two cases of pemphigus erythematosus on the face and trunk. The case 1 was a 41-year-old female who have had erythematous scaly patches and a few flaccid bullae, and treated by corticosteroids and azathioprine. The case 2 was a 42-year-old male who have had same lesions and treated by corticosterids.

We present a case of lipogranulomatosis subcutanea occuring on the legs of 15-year-old female. She was seen with twelve erythematous rice to pea sized tender papules on legs. Twelve months ago, several erythematous papules appeared and disappearance and recurrence of a few lesions has repeated. Histopathologic finding of macrophage stage was shown. Treatment with isoniazid was done and recurrence does not occur until now.

Histamine-induced cutaneous wheal responses were measured in 24 healthy subjects. The effect of the potent H₁ blocker, hydroxyzine HCI, the H₂ blocker, cimetidine, and the two drugs in combination was determined. The H₁ blocker alone produced a mean wheal suppression of 77%(p<0.005). The H₂ blocker alone produced a mean wheal suppression of 35%(p<0.01). The H₁ plus H₂ blocker produced 79% suppression. But the augmented suppression of H₁ plus H₂ blocker vs H₁ blocker was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The result provide evidence that H₂ receptors are present in the human cutaneous blood vessel, but additional studies must be performed to determine the significance of combined H₁ and H₂ blockade over H₁ blocker alone in suppression of histamine-induced wheal formation.

Acquired bilateral nevus of Ota - like macules is a new entity of dermal melanocytosis which differ clinically from bilateral nevus of Ota in its late onset and no mucosal. involvement. They are blue - brown macules of face occurring symmentrically on both sides of the forehead, temples, eyelids, malar areas, alae nasi, and root of nose. Recently, we have observed 3 cases of acquired bilateral neves of Ota - like macules on face in Korean women.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans(DFSP) is an uncommon, raised, fibrous tumor of the skin characterized by a marked tendency to recur locally infrequent metastasis and difficulty of histologic diagnosis. There are several cases reporting origin of this tumor in a previous burn or surgical scar raised the question of a causal relationship. The authors report a case of DFSP, developed in an old burn scar of a 58-year-old man. There was no evidence of metastasis.

The clinical and histopathological analysis was done on 28 cases of basal cell epithelioma encountered in the Department of Dermatology, Ewha Womans University Hospital during the past 7 1/2 years period from January 1976 to June 1983. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1) Of 28 patients, 15 cases were male and 13 cases were female with ratio of 1.16:1. 2) Average age was 53.5 years ranging from 15 to 90 years with the highest incidence rate in the age group 60-69 years. 3) Three cases of basal cell epithelioma in the young age group developed from xeroderma pigmentosum. 4) The average duration of disease was 7.5 years ranging from 1 to 20 years. 5) Twenty seven cases(96.4%) occured on face comprising 11 cases on nose, 8 cases on lower eyelid, 3 cases on cheek, each 1 case on forehead, eyebrow, upper lip, angle of mouth and mandible, and remaining 1 case occured on back. 6) The most common noduloulcerative lesion was observed in 7 cases(25.0%), and then followed by(in order)adenoid type and sclerosing type 6 cases (21.4%) respectively, mixed type 5 cases(17.9%) and keratotic type 4 cases(14.3%).

Sebaceous hyperplasia, also called senile sebaceous hyperplasia refers to a benign enlargement of normal sebaceous unit in the old age group. The lesions, single or multiple, elevated, cream to yellowish colored round papules with frequent central umbilication have a predilection for the forehead and cheeks. We present an atypical case of sebaceous hyperplasia on a 31-year-old man. About 15 years ago, a small skin colored papule developed on his right cheek without pre-existing skin eruption or trauma history. The asymptomatic papule enlarged slowly reaching up to a walnut sized plaque.

The psoriasis plaque test, as a clinical and non-artificial model, provides information on the antiproliferative effect of topical corticosteroids, and it makes possible to ealuate various preparations simultaneously at a given time. In this assay we compared the antiproliferative effects of six topical corticosteroids with occlusive dressing technique in fourteen psoriatic patients. The results are summerized as follows : 1) The psoriasis plaque test was an adequate method for evaluating antiproliferative effects of various corticosteroid preparations. 2) In contrast to prednisolone and triamcinolone acetonide, the effects of desoxymethasone, halcinonide, fluocinide, triamcinolone benetonide were evident, and the best of all was desoxymethasone. 3) No side effect developed during test period.