| Young Sook Park | 17 Articles |
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[English]
This article is investigating the general status of hospital computerization and doctors' reactions to these changes in four general hospitals. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from two university-affiliated hospitals and two private general hospitals in Seoul. The questionnaire survey was conducted in 1996, and the data contain 81 doctors from four hospitals. We also collected in-depth-interview data from 8 doctors in these hospitals. We revewed the general status of information system and utilization level in general hospitals and analyzed doctors' response to these changes focusing on four areas of medical care ; 1) jobs and functions of the doctors in patient care; 2) doctors' autonomy and their status ; 3) doctors' relations with other personnel; and 4) the quality of medical care. The results are : 1) The general status of information system in general hospitals are limited to the comput-erization of the administrative part, and thus very few hospitals employ information system directly to the patient care. 2) In terms of doctors' job and functions, the computerization of the administrative part of hospital works increased the efficiency of doctors' patient care in charting, keeping and sear-ching data, but put more burden on them for doing double jobs of hand-writing and comput-erization. 3) The autonomy of doctors and their status have not been noticeably changed in the process so far, but there appears a possibility that doctors could defend themselves to the manager's control over them through information system. 4) The computerization of the hospital works tends to reduce an unnecessary face-to-face interaction, which is expected to facilitate communications in the hospital. There are also some changes in the relationship between doctors and semi-professional personnels such ans, nurse and medical technicians. 5) Doctors pointed out that a few positive effects of the computerization on the quality of medical care on patients' side have emerged and thus expected improvement in the quality of medical care in the future.
[English]
This study purported to evaluate the factor structure of the Korean Family Mental Health test(K-FMHT), which was a self-report questionnaire composed of 67 items and developed for measuring the degree of mental health and psychopathological traits of the families by the comprehensive dimensions. K-FMHT was administered to 476 married women subjects from normal families. A factor analysis revealed the 10 factor structure to be appropriate which determined by clinical, logical and statistical basis that included the pretest items expected empircally. 1) It was founded that the 10 factors item composition of K-FMHT satisfied the content validity through factor analysis and explained 50.1% of total variances. 2) 10 factors of K-FMHT have sufficient eigenvalues respectably and the factor loadings of total items were significantly high. 3) Factor 1 explainded 18.8% of variance and the other factors 6.4-2.4% of variance. 4) Factor namings were determinded which based the examination of the item contents : factor 1-open heartedness within family, factor 2 - family relationship of emotional disharmony, factor 3 - conflict relationship with mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, factor 4 - sexual relationship of couple, factor 5 - the filial devotion toward parent, factor 6 - openness toward community, factor 7 - patriarchic family, factor 8 - living together of family members, factor 9 - parent attachment toward children, factor 10 -parent unconditional love toward children. 5) Some limitation and future requirements are discussed to increase the validity of the K-FMHT. It was suggested that factor 5, 10 need to dupplement more items for increasing the validity of K-FMHT though the complimentary work.
[English]
This study attempts to explore the adapting behaviors of medical professions in information society, focusing on nurses' responses to the changes driven by the implementation of information system in four general hospitals. In addition to the general status of the information in the hospitals, we analyze four dimensions of the adapting behaviors of nursed in the implementation process of the hospital work. These are 1) changes in the jobs and functions of the nurses ; 2) changes in their autonomy and status; 3)changes in human relations ; and 4) the quality of medical services. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from two university-affiliated hospitals and two private general hospitals in Seoul. The quantitative data contain the responses of 92 nurses from four hospitals and we performed an in-depth-interview with 12 nurse to complement the quantitative data. 1) The implementation of information system in the sample hospitals are limited to the computerization of the administrative part of the medical care. 2) This limited computerization of the hospital works does not seem to increase the efficiency of nursing itself, but rather put mote burden on nurses doing double jobs of handwriting and computerization. 3) The autonomy of nurses and their relate status has not been noticeably changed in the process. Nurses, however, reported to have conflicts with other professions over the job distributions. 4) The computerization of the hospital works tend to reduce an unnecessary face-to-face interaction, which is expected to facilitate communications in the hospital. But there are still conflicts among medical professions over the boundary of their duties and responsibilities. 5) Nurse pointed out that the positive effects of the computerization on the quality of service are limited to shorten the time of care. The results of this study confirms our hypothesis that the information system would change jobs and functions, autonomy and status, human relations, and quality of sevices in nursing. Some of the changes are positive although the implementation of information system is expected to put more burden on nursing for a while. Most nurses, however, expected the computerization will provide better services to the patients in the long run.
[English]
This study aimed at an examination of the item analysis and reliability of the Family screening test which was developed to assess the family's charateristics and the degree of family psychopathology from March 15 to May 30 1996 The subjects were 467 housewives who were sampled by the random sampling method in Seoul. This family screening test is composed of 11 subscales, the self-report measure, and a 5-point scale. 1) 98 items were selected by the item analysis and reliability evaluation among the original 1999 items which were categorized 11 subscales. 2) The internal consistency of the Cronbach's alpha and the speraman-Brown split-half correlation coefficients were more than 0.70 for all scales exept 8,9,10,11 scales. 3) The reliability coefficients of the Cronbach's alpha and the split-half correlation for 8,9,19,11 scales were less than 0.70 which were evaluated to have the insufficient corrected item-total correlation coefficients. It was suggested that 8,9,10,11 scales need to the most items for increasing the reliability coefficients through the complemantary work.
[English]
The present study was conducted to compare the MMPI profile of 29 Posttraumatic StressDisorder patients with 25 Organic Brain Affective or Personality Disoder patiene who were admitted to Ewha Womans University Hospital from March to August of 1995. MMPI-R(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), consisted of 556 items and of the revised standard form, was administered to the subjects. No significant difference was found between thetwo groups in age, sex, and education level. Results of the present study were as follows : 1) Two subgroups were formed as a result of multivariate cluster analysis of T scores of allMMPI scales from the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder group. The first sub-group (N=22) showed moderate high socre on 3-1-2, 7-8 scales. The second sub-group (N=7) presented severehigh score on F validity scale and all clinical scale exept 5 scale so the t scores of 8-6-7,1-2-3-4scales were within 65-80. 2) Two subgroups were formed as a result of multivariate cluster analysis of T scores of allMMPI scales from the Organic Brain Affective or Personality Disorder group. The first subgroup (N=8) gave mild high score on K scale and on no clinical scales. The second sub-group(N=17) presented moderate high score on F scale and on 1,2,3,6,7,8 scales. 3) Exept for the defensive groups, it was found that F,6 scales and 3 scale were useful to differntiate the Posttraumatic Stress Disoders from the Organic Brain Affective or Personality Disorders. 4) The results suggest that MMPI is useful to differentiate the Posttraumatic Stress Disodersfrom the Organic Brain Affective or Personality Disorders.
[English]
In order to avdance understaning of the complex social process of individual drinking behavior, this cross-cultural study examined the effects of cultural and psychological factors on drinking behaviors among Koreans, Korean-Chinese and Chineas. Using the survey data collectedfrom lune, 1994 to April, 1995 both in Korea and Yanbian, China, we tested the hypothesisthat the social and cultural environment would lead differnt drinking behavior among Koreans,Korean-Chinese and Chinese in addition to the individual psychological factors. Subjects were 206 Koreans, 211 Korean-Chines and 204 Chines, total 621 subjects. The results are : 1) The average amount of alcohol consumption and of blood level is highest in Koreans. 2) In terms of drinking motivation, the effect of blind drunkeness and group solidarity factors are higher for Koreans than others, whereas business purpose and controlling drinkingbehavior are higher among Korean-Chinese and Chinese. 3) There is no significant differences in the social motivation, while emotional motivation ishigher among Chinese for the individual motivation. 4) Age and emotional motivation are the main factors affecting the total amount of alcoholintake and the drinking frequency among Koreans. Group solidarity and blind drunkeness alsotend to lead the frequent drinking event for them. The factors of blind drunkeness and groupsolidarity also has causal effects on the frequencies of drinking for Korean-Chinese in Yanabian,while higher emotional motivaiotn as a psychological factors tends to lead a more frequentdrinking among Chinese. 5) These results show that there are differences in drinking behaviors due to the social and cultural differences among Korean-Chinese and Chinese especially in the frequencies of drinking rather than the total amount of alcohol intake. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
[English]
The present study was conducted to evaluate ego defense mecahnisms of 78 forensic schizophrenia patients selected on the basis DSM-III-R criteria who were admitted to the Forensic Psychiatric Institution from March to June of 1992. 47 Normal controls were matched for sex, age and education level with the forensic schizophrenia partients. EDMT(Ewha Diagnostic Test of Diagnostic Mechanism), consisted of 200 items and 20 scales, was administered to the subject group and the normal control group. No significant differnce was found between the two groups in sex ratio, age and educational level. Results of the present study were as follows: 1) The forensic schizophrenia group presented a statistically significant higher score on denial, supression, rationalization and anticipation scales than normal control group. 2) The normal group gave had a higher score on denial and anticipation scales than the normal control group. 3) The male patient group had a higher score on denial and anticipation scales than the normal control group. 4) On the basis of the factor analysis, the forensic schizophrenia group had a higher score on behavior inhibted scales and the normal group on the self-expansive scale. 5) It was suggested that the forensic schizophrenia group had the overcontorlled personality trait and more severe ego distubance.
[English]
In this experiment, examined were short-term effect of alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist yohimbine on physiological, behavioral changes and ulceration induced by the 48 hr. conflict-stress session and compared with effect of conflict-stress condition. The experimental animals were 35 rats. each of which was distributes to one of the five group : yogimbine and conflict treatment group (experimental group N=10), conflict treatment without yohimbine group(control group N=10), yoked yohimbine without conflict group(compared group 1 N=4), yoked conflict without yohimbine group(compared group 2 N=4) and no stress treatment group(compared guoup 3 N=7). The experiment was conducted for 48 hours. During the first 24 hr. session, the animals received the feedback of ter shock termination or delay by their lever-pressing coping behavior so that could escape the stree stimulation. However, during the second 24 hr. conflict-stress session, they were provided a brief shock as a first feedback and the shock termination or delay as the second feedback of the lever-pressing coping behavior as in the first session. In this way avoidance-avoudance conflict condition was induced experimentally. Yohimbine(2cc/kg) was administrated twice during the entire experiment. Thus experimental group received the conflict stress and yohimvine, and control group took lnly conflict stress without yohimvine treatment. The compared 1 group which was yorked to experimental group which was yorked to control group took only uncontrollable stress without conflict, compared 2 group which was yorked to control group took only uncontrollable stress without yohimvine treatment and conflict, and compared 3 group did not receive any stress stimulation. The results of the experiment were as follow. The effect of yohimbine and conflict were found in terms of stress ulceration aggravation and coping behavior fecrease but not weight loss and water intake. the experimental group showed more severe ulcerarion than the other groups. The control group showed the stress reaction in terms of coping behavior decreasment and mild level unceration. Two yoked groups also suggested the mild level ulceration but not coping behavior. Based ojn this result from this experiment, it was found that the phychological conflict induced experimentally and yohimbine had the definitive effect of the ulceration aggravaion and suggested neither psychological conflict nor yohimbgine treatment sufficient for stress ulceration nevertheless psychological conflict or uncontrollable condition or yohimbine treatment induced mild ulceration stress response.
[English]
In order to analyse differeatial ego defense mechanisms among age groups classified by developmlental stages, the present study evaluated the results of Ewha Defense Mechanism test which had been completed on June, 1990. The number of subjects were 1,323 normal adults and students with 14~70 age range, who were selected by the proportional straitified sampling method based on sex, age, educational level and residence status of 1985 National Population and Residence Statistics Data. Results of the present study were as follows : 1) There was statistically significant differences among age groups on show-off, reaction formation, identification, passive-aggressive, projection, displacement, denial, suppression, anticipation, rationalization, dissociation, sublimation, acting-out, altruism, regression, humor, evasion scales. 2) The younger age group had higher scores on show-off, reaction formation, identification, passive-aggrssive, projection, displacment, dissociation, sublimation, acting-out, regression scales and more older, more higher on denial, supression, anticipation, rationalization, altruism, evasion scales. 3) The female subjects got higher scores on show-off identification, projection, displacement, denial, dissociation, somatization, regression and the male subjects presented higher scores on altruism, humor scales. The interation effects of age and sex were not found on any scales. 4) It was found that the older group did not get high score on mature defense mechanism scales in case of classified by maturity criteria. 5) On factor 1 scales of acting-out, displacement, somatization, dissociation, projection, passive-aggressive scales, the younger group presented higher score and the older group had higher score on denial, rationalization, supression, anticipication, evasion scales which were attribute to stablity and adjustment by factor analysis interpretation. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
[English]
The present study was conducted to evaluate psychological traits of 69 forensic schizophrenia patients selected on the basis DSM-III-R criteria who were admitted to the Forensic Psychiatric Institution from March to June of 1992.84 Normal controls were matched for sex, age, education level to forensic schizophrenia patients. MMPI-R(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), consisted of 556 items and revised to standard form, was administered to the subject and the normal control gruop. No significant differences were found between the two groups in sex ratio, age, and educational level. Results of the present study were as follows : 1) Generally, the forensic schizophrenia patients presented statistically significant higher T score on L. F and 6(parania) scales than normal controls. 2) Two subgroups were formed as a result of multivariate cluster analysis of T scores of all MMPI scales from the forensic schizophrenia patient group. The first sub-group(N=51) gave statistically significant higher score on L, K scales and no clinical scales. The second sub-group(N=18) presented statistically significant higher score on L, F, K and 1(hypochondriasis), 3(hrsteria), 8(schizophrenia), 6(paranoia) scales. 3) High-K score group of forensic schizophrenia patients, selected on the basis high K scores at the level of 30%, gave statistically significant higher score on L, K scales than the other groups. Low-K score group of forensic schizophrenia patients, selected at the low level of 30%, had high score on, F, 6(paranoia), 8(schizophrenia) scales. 4) Forensic patients presented statistically but not clinically significant lower score on 9(hypomania) scale than normal controls. 5) The results were interpreted as suggested the overcontrolled personality trait and not completely treated psychotic symptoms of fornensic schizophrenia patients and their different personlity traits from general criminals.
[English]
Minnesota Multiphatic Personality Inventory responses were analysed from patients with conversion disorder(N=65) and somatization disorder(N=23) who were admitted to Ewha Womans University Hospital and were confirmed with clinical final diagnose as conversion and somatization disorder by DSM-III diagnostic criteria from 1981 to 1987. The results were as follows : 1) Generally, the MMPI pofile of conversion disorder patients was 1-3 pattern and somatization disorder patients was 1-3-2-7-8 pattern. 2) According to analysis of varience fo T scores of each MMPI scales between conversion and somatization disorder patients. somatization disorder patients showed higher scores than conversions on D and Pt scales. 3) As a result of ANOVA and Duncan's posterior comparison test among four groups(conversion-females N=50, conversion-males N=15. somatization-females N= 12, somatization-males N=11), somatization-female patients gave higher scores on D and Hy scale than the other three groups. 4) By discriminant function analysis of four groups, it was found that the discriminant ability of somatization-female patients was most potent so that MMPI could be used to discriminate the somatization-female group most effectively. 5) Three subgroups were formed as a reslt of multivariate cluster analysis of T scores of each MMPI scales from the conversion-female group. The first sub-group(N=8) gave a normal profile while the second group (N=35) showed a conversion profile(1-3-8 pattern). The third subgroup(N=7) was found to suggest borderline. personality or severe anxiety state. Statistically significant differences were confirmed between the three subgroups on all MMPI scales exept L, Mf.
[English]
The author investigated to select final items of a Korean Defense Inventory for standardization during the period from Feburary 19 to March 10, 1990 at Seoul. The number of subjects were 528 who were sampled by the proportional stratified sampling method. The final items of Korean Defense Inventory were selected by the satistics for item difficulty, item standard deviation, corrected item-total correlation, Guttman split-half reliability coefficients. The results were as follows : 1) Among the prliminary items 262, 200 items were finally selected for standard test which were composed of 10 items by 20 ego defense mechanism scales. 2) The range of each scales mean was from 2.64 to 3.34 and the individual items deviated from .69 to 1.25. 3) The corrected item-total correlation coefficients were adequate for all items except 13 of them and the Guttman split-half reliability coefficients were satisfactory for all scales. 4) Factor analysis extracted four factors of which result was consistant with other research results. Factor 1 was "maladaptive defense mechanism" which were composed of projection, displacement, dissociation, action-out, regression, passive-aggressive behavior, somatization, identification, brag. Factor 2 was "mature defense mechanism", controlling altruism, distortion, anticipication, rationalization, sublimation, humor. Factor 3 was "excessive inhibited defense mechaism" which were suppression and reaction-formation. Factor 4 was "reality-evasive defense mechaism" which were denial and evasion.
[English]
This study analysed Korean concepts of sexuality presented through traditional proverbs in order to understand the past sexual concepts of Koreans. Out of 2,5000 proverbs, 456 of them are related to sexual concepts. The analysed proverbs in conclusion can be summarized in three ways as follows. First, sex has been classified as sex for reproduction among couples outside marriage so resulting in dualistic sexual concepts about sexual function. Second, the pleasure seeking sexual activity resulted in conflict within the family so that this family conflict lead to the negative sexual concept as sex is dangerous and must be guarded. Third, pleasure seeking sexual desire for male is regarded to be universal while for female is recognized as a peculiarity. Thus the biased concept of sexual desire has lead to more deep frustration among females.
[English]
This study was purported to examine the cognitive deficit pattern of the long-term alcoholics at the recovery phase. The alcoholic group performed significantly poorer than the control group on information, comprehension, arithmatic, similarities, digit span subscales and digit symbol, picture completion, block design, picture arrangement, object assembly subscales of Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scales. The alcoholic group revealed the short-term memory deficits by Wechsler Memory Scale on personal and current information, orientation, mental control, logical memory, digit span, visual representation, associative learning subscales.
[English]
The present study purposed to evaluate the common personality traits of the 82 Korean Makalu Expedition members by the psychological tests. The main psychological tests used to this study were minnesota Multiphasic personality Inventory, Rorschach test, and Korean Wechsler Intelligence test. The results obtained were as follow; 1) The resistance toward psychological evaluations was unexpectedly intense. 2) As a whole the level of intelligence ability was high : very superior level with 6 subjects and bright normal level with 2 subjects. 3) The basic response style was generally introversive. 4) The considerable resources were not well organized. 5) The affective experiences and expressions were insufficiently organized. 6) The intense dependent need of the interpersonal relationship was inhibited so that the intimate interpersonal relationship was avoided. 7) The self evaluation was generally low because of conflict with the ideal self imag and real self image. 8) The subjects consciously belonged to normal group but latently showed underlying depression and inner conflicts.
[English]
This cross-cultural study was purposed to compare with the differential cultural groups' personality by the psychological tests and to detect the effects and the problems of the psychological tests used to the cross-cultural study. The psychological tests used in this study were Minnesota Multiphatic Personality Inventory, Rorschach test and Draw-A-Person test. The subjects of this study were twelve sherpa who participated in The 82 Korean Makalu Expedition. The conclusion was dependent upon the way by which the responses of subjects were analized and interpreted as a whole and the way by which every personal test was personally interpreted. The conclusions of this study were as followed. The effect of the psychological tests appeared positively by the following particular responses. The results of MMPI were the severe increase of F scale, the moderate increase of 8,6 scales, and the mild increase of 1,5,3,4,9 scales. At the Rorschach test, lower systematic, immature and concrete cognitive operations appeared. Affect was genearally repressed, and the need system and the need control were also low. It was suggested that the content analysis might be useful to explore the different personality traits between the cultural groups since the contents of the Rorchach test conspicuosly differential. The particular drawing of DAP were interestingly impressive and revealed the differential cultural group's personality. The following tasks were proposed to be prepared for other cross-cultural study. 1. In parallel with the psychological tests, sociological study would be useful to explore the differences between cultural groups. 2. In order to valid and effective psychological test result, the standardization of tests and the performance of battery test should be satisfied. 3. Personal interview, dreams, and behavioral assessment would complement the psychological test results. 4. More appropriate cross-cultural personality tests should be developed for further cross-cultural personality studies.
[English]
This article presents the behavior therapeutic approach based on the social learning theory by Albert Bandura. This social learning theory and the therapeutic approach is summarized ad follows. Psychological functioning is explained in terms of a continuous reciprocal interaction of personal and environmental determinants. Within this approach, symbolic, vicarious, and self-regulatory process assume a prominent role in social learning process. Cognition has causal influence on behavior learning and behavior change can be mediated through cognitive process. As the resulf of learning, the efficacy expectations are achieved and determine the various behavior changes. Therefore any psychotherapeutic approaches, whatever their form, alter expectations of self-efficacy and stimulate the self-regulatory functions as the result of therapy. Bandura argued that participant modeling therapy is the most effective behavior therapeutic model which develop strong efficacy expectations and self-regulatory functions. This social learning theory and therapeutic approach is differentiated from the other therapeutic approach as follows. First, this therapeutic approach is the improved behavior therapy which use the cognitive influenecs on behavior modification. Second, therapeutic goals can be set at the level of concrete and obvious behavior change. Third, the therapeutic effects can be evaluated by objective criterias which measure the change of efficacy expectations. Fourth, through therapeutic process, patients self-motivation, self-evaluation, and self-regulatory process are involved, and ultimately voluntary participation is achieved.
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, Jung Sun Kim
