¹Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
²Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
³Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
⁴Department of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
⁵K G Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
⁶Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
⁷Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
⁸NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
⁹Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
¹⁰Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
¹¹MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
¹²Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
¹³The BMJ, London, UK
¹⁴JAMA, Chicago, IL, USA
¹⁵Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
¹⁶Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
¹⁷Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
¹⁸Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, University of London, London, UK

Corresponding author:  Jeremy Brent Richards,
Email: contact@strobe-mr.org

Received: 11 October 2025   • Revised: 20 October 2025   • Accepted: 20 October 2025