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• How a medical journal can survive the freezing era of article production in Korea, and highlights in this issue of the Ewha Medical Journal
  Ji Yeon Byun
  The Ewha Medical Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Halted medical education in Korea amid Nobel Prizes in deep learning and machine learning research, tribute to a leader of Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, and highlights from this issue
  Sun Huh
  The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

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• Unresolved policy on the new placement of 2,000 entrants at Korean medical schools and this issue of Ewha Medical Journal
  Sun Huh
  The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

The rise of multidrug-resistant organisms represents a serious global public health concern. In Korea, the increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) is particularly concerning due to the difficulties associated with treatment. Data from the Korea Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System indicate a yearly increase in CRE cases, with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales being the predominant type. The capacity of CRE to resist multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics leads to higher medical costs and mortality rates, underscoring the need for urgent action. Effective prevention is crucial to curbing CRE outbreaks and transmission. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) play a key role and require commitment from healthcare professionals to minimize unnecessary antibiotic use, as well as from policymakers to ensure adherence to ASP guidelines. Given the complexity of CRE transmission, ASP efforts must be integrated with infection control strategies for maximum effectiveness. These strategies include adherence to standard and contact precautions, environmental disinfection, preemptive isolation, and comprehensive education and training for healthcare personnel. Additionally, surveillance testing for patients at high risk for CRE and the use of real-time diagnostic kits can facilitate early detection and reduce further transmission. Strategies for the prevention of CRE infection should be tailored to specific healthcare settings. Ongoing research is essential to update and refine infection control guidelines and effectively prevent CRE outbreaks.

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• Unresolved policy on the new placement of 2,000 entrants at Korean medical schools and this issue of Ewha Medical Journal
  Sun Huh
  The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Influenza presents a considerable disease burden, particularly among adults over 65 years old. In this population, the disease is associated with high rates of infection, hospitalization, and mortality. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of influenza on older adults and to evaluate the effectiveness of influenza vaccines within this demographic. A literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify relevant English-language studies published from January 2000 to January 2024. The analysis indicated that influenza-related hospitalization rates (ranging from 10.1 to 308.3 per 100,000 persons) and all-cause excess mortality rates (1.1 to 228.2 per 100,000 persons) were notably high in older adults, although these rates varied over time and by location. Hospitalization rates due to influenza increased considerably after the age of 50 years, with the highest rates observed in individuals aged 85 years and older. Excess mortality attributable to influenza also rose with age, with rates between 17.9 and 223.5 per 100,000 persons in those over 75 years old. The effectiveness of influenza vaccines in preventing severe infections requiring hospitalization was found to be only 37% in individuals aged 65 years and older. The unadjuvanted, standard-dose influenza vaccine had an estimated effectiveness of just 25% against laboratory-confirmed influenza and between 37% and 43.7% in preventing hospitalizations. Therefore, considering the substantial burden of influenza and the limited efficacy of standard vaccines, the use of highly immunogenic influenza vaccines should be prioritized for older adults.

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• Unresolved policy on the new placement of 2,000 entrants at Korean medical schools and this issue of Ewha Medical Journal
  Sun Huh
  The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

The availability of combined antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced the number of new HIV infections and the associated mortality, and HIV infection has become a chronic disease with long-term survival. In Korea, more than 1,000 new HIV infections have been registered annually since 2013. After peaking at 1,223 in 2019, the number of new infections decreased between 2020 and 2023. In 2023, the majority of newly HIV-infected people were men, and the proportions of young people under 40 years, homosexual contacts and foreigners increased. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related deaths from opportunistic infections associated with immunosuppression and AIDS-defining cancers are gradually decreasing, whereas non-AIDS defining comorbidities such as non-AIDS defining cancers, cardiovascular disease and metabolic complications are emerging as major causes of death. Since the introduction of zidovudine, approximately 30 antiretroviral drugs have been approved for the treatment of HIV infection. Early and continuous antiretroviral treatment for all people living with HIV is an effective strategy for maintaining viral suppression and preventing transmission of HIV infection. In conclusion, achieving the 95–95–95 target among those living with HIV in Korea requires multifaceted efforts to improve early diagnosis, early and proper treatment of HIV infection including the management of chronic diseases, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy.

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• Unresolved policy on the new placement of 2,000 entrants at Korean medical schools and this issue of Ewha Medical Journal
  Sun Huh
  The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Infectious spondylitis, an infection of the vertebral body, intervertebral disc, or paraspinal tissues, poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This review examines the clinical approach and management of infectious spondylitis in Korea. The incidence of pyogenic spondylitis has increased, primarily due to the aging population, more frequent use of invasive procedures, and higher prevalence of immunocompromising conditions. Conversely, tuberculous spondylitis has declined, reflecting shifts in population demographics and medical practices. Staphylococcus aureus remains the predominant causative agent in pyogenic cases, while Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the primary pathogen in tuberculous spondylitis. The diagnosis is contingent upon clinical suspicion, inflammatory markers, imaging studies, and microbiological identification. MRI is the preferred imaging modality, offering high sensitivity and specificity. Blood cultures and tissue biopsy are instrumental in isolating the causative organism and determining its antibiotic susceptibility. Treatment involves antimicrobial therapy, spinal immobilization, and vigilant monitoring for complications. Surgical intervention may be necessary in cases involving neurological deficits, abscesses, or spinal instability. The prognosis for infectious spondylitis varies. Long-term complications, including chronic pain, neurological deficits, and spinal deformities, may arise and can meaningfully impact quality of life. Mortality is considerable and is influenced by comorbidities and disease severity. The risk of recurrence, particularly within the first year after treatment, is a concern. This review underscores the importance of ongoing research and education in refining diagnostic and treatment strategies for infectious spondylitis. As this condition becomes more common, these efforts offer hope for improving patient care and reducing the burden of this severe spinal infection.

Objectives: Interest in the association between particulate air pollution and appendicitis risk has been increasing in recent years, and previous studies have suggested a link between particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter (PM₁₀) and appendicitis. However, robust evidence is currently lacking. This study explored the association between short-term PM₁₀ exposure and appendicitis using data from Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea, between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2018.

Methods: We employed a time-stratified case-crossover design using data from 6,526 appendicitis patients taken from the hospital’s electronic medical records system. We analyzed the data using a conditional logistic regression model adjusted for daily mean temperature and relative humidity. The effect size of PM₁₀ was estimated in terms of each 10 μm/m³ increase in PM₁₀ concentration. Sex, season, and age group were analyzed as subgroups.

Results: Appendicitis patients had been exposed to higher levels of PM₁₀ concentrations 3 days (OR 1.045, 95% CI : 1.007–1.084) and 7 days (OR, 1.053; 95% CI, 1.005–1.103) before hospital admission. The case-crossover analysis stratified by sex, age, and season showed that the male sex, being aged under 10, and the cold season were associated with a significantly stronger association between appendicitis and PM₁₀ concentrations.

Conclusion: Our study found that PM₁₀ concentrations were associated with appendicitis in boys aged under 10. The cold season was also a risk factor. Further research with a larger sample size and with other pollutants is required to clarify the association between PM₁₀ and appendicitis.

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• Unresolved policy on the new placement of 2,000 entrants at Korean medical schools and this issue of Ewha Medical Journal
  Sun Huh
  The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objectives: Accurately targeting distal nail holes and placing distal interlocking screws pose challenges during intramedullary nailing. This study proposes a straightforward technique for distal locking screw insertion using a Steinmann pin, eliminating the need to reposition the pin or drill bit.

Methods: We utilized 18 Sawbones femur models and intramedullary femur nails. A first-year resident created two distal locking holes on each model, employing both the conventional freehand technique and a novel method involving a Steinmann pin and hammer under image intensification. These techniques were evaluated based on three parameters: (1) the time required to create distal locking holes, measured from the moment the pin was positioned at the center of the hole until the far cortex was drilled through the interlocking hole; (2) the radiation dose (in mrem/h), as estimated with a personal gamma radiation dosimeter; and (3) the number of failures, defined as the creation of more than one hole in the near and far cortex.

Results: The new technique was associated with a lower radiation dose (P=0.0268) and fewer failures (P=0.0367) than the conventional approach. Additionally, the time required to establish distal holes was shorter using the new technique compared to the conventional method (P=0.0217).

Conclusion: The creation of distal interlocking holes with a Steinmann pin and hammer is accurate, efficient, and cost-effective.

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• Unresolved policy on the new placement of 2,000 entrants at Korean medical schools and this issue of Ewha Medical Journal
  Sun Huh
  The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objectives: This study explored the experiences of medical students enrolled in an elective course titled "Healthcare Innovation and Women's Ventures II" at Ewha Womans University College of Medicine. The research questions were as follows: First, what motivated medical students to participate in the experiential entrepreneurship course? Second, what experiences did the students have during the course? Third, what changes did the students undergo as a result of the course?

Methods: Focus group interviews were conducted with six medical students who participated in the experiential entrepreneurship course from February 13 to 23, 2024.

Results: The analysis identified three domains, seven categories, and 17 subcategories. In terms of motivations for enrolling in the experiential entrepreneurship course, two categories were identified: "existing interest" and "new exploration." With respect to the experiences gained from the course, three categories emerged: "cognitive experiences," "emotional experiences," and "behavioral experiences." Finally, two categories were identified concerning the changes participants experienced through the course: "changes related to entrepreneurship" and "changes related to career paths."

Conclusion: Students were motivated to enroll in this course by both their existing interests and their desire to explore new areas. Following the course, they underwent cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. Their perceptions of entrepreneurship and career paths were significantly altered. This study is important because it explores the impact of entrepreneurship education in medical schools from the students' perspective.

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• Unresolved policy on the new placement of 2,000 entrants at Korean medical schools and this issue of Ewha Medical Journal
  Sun Huh
  The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objectives: Outbreak reports are essential for documenting the spread of and responses to disease outbreaks. However, there is a lack of standardized reporting guidelines that encompass broader perspectives on outbreaks. We aimed to develop a universal reporting guideline applicable to diverse outbreak reports and community epidemic interventions, the “Guidelines for Community Outbreak Investigation Reporting (G-CORE).”

Methods: G-CORE is designed to address the challenges in documenting various outbreak scenarios, including infectious diseases and non-infectious environmental hazards. The development of G-CORE involved a structured process, including a comprehensive literature review of recent outbreak reports from leading journals and an analysis of existing reporting guidelines. The process also involved project registration with the EQUATOR Network and collaboration with experts in various fields. Following the initial drafting, an internal (team) review was conducted to evaluate the guidelines' robustness and relevance. Subsequently, the guidelines underwent revision based on feedback from external experts and potential users, including authors with experience in outbreak reporting. The project also includes plans for widespread dissemination and periodic revisions to adapt to developments and user feedback.

Results: G-CORE will provide a structured framework for reporting outbreak investigations, comprising a detailed checklist and Explanation & Elaboration documents.

Conclusion: G-CORE establishes a new standard in outbreak reporting, facilitating comprehensive, clear, and actionable public health communications. Its development marks a significant advance in the documentation and management of public health outbreaks.

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• 「주간 건강과 질병」 보고 지침 개발
  수영 김, 석현 유, 소연 류, 선 허, 미나 하, 보율 최, 원영 정
  Public Health Weekly Report.2025; 18(9): 399.     CrossRef

Objectives: Surveillance reporting, which is integral to public health and safety, involves the systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of data crucial for various health and security scenarios. Despite its importance, standardized Guidelines for Surveillance Reporting (G-SIRE) are lacking, leading to inconsistencies and affecting data reliability and comparability. To address this gap, this study aimed to develop the G-SIRE, tailored to improve the clarity, transparency, and consistency of surveillance reports, thereby increasing the accuracy and usability of surveillance data for better public health outcomes.

Methods: The methodology adhered to the EQUATOR Network standards, employing a multidimensional approach with a diverse expert team. The process included forming a research committee of multidisciplinary experts, conducting a thorough literature review of recent surveillance report publications, reviewing existing reporting guidelines, and developing a new set of guidelines. Continuous updates and revisions are planned to keep the guidelines relevant and effective.

Results: Significant progress has been made as of November 2023 in developing comprehensive reporting guidelines for surveillance reports. A detailed checklist and Explanation & Elaboration documents have been formulated, which are anticipated to be finalized and published by December 2023.

Conclusion: The G-SIRE guidelines signify a major advancement in standardizing surveillance. They provide a structured approach that increases scientific accuracy, transparency, and practical applicability in this domain. The guidelines are expected to improve the quality of surveillance reporting significantly, contributing to the advancement of public health research and discourse.

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• 「주간 건강과 질병」 보고 지침 개발
  수영 김, 석현 유, 소연 류, 선 허, 미나 하, 보율 최, 원영 정
  Public Health Weekly Report.2025; 18(9): 399.     CrossRef

Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop the Guidelines for Recommendation Reporting (G-RECO) for use in the Public Health Weekly Report (PHWR) in Korea, aiming to improve the standardization, scientific accuracy, and practical applicability of recommendation reports in clinical practice guidelines.

Methods: The methodology of this study aligned with the EQUATOR Network standards. A multidisciplinary research committee was formed, comprising experts in various relevant fields. The development process included a comprehensive literature review, analysis of existing guidelines, and formulation of a structured G-RECO framework with 21 key items. This was supplemented with Explanation & Elaboration documents for each item. The draft underwent rigorous revisions and evaluations by both internal and external experts.

Results: By November 2023, significant progress had been made in developing a detailed G-RECO checklist and accompanying E&E documents. These tools are designed to guide authors in clear and consistent reporting of recommendation reports. The team is poised to finalize and publish the checklist and E&E documents by December 2024.

Conclusion: The G-RECO guidelines represent a significant advancement in the formalization and standardization of recommendation reports for the PHWR. They are expected to improve the quality of research and publications in clinical practice guidelines, contributing to the evolution of the field and enriching public health discourse. The guidelines, with their comprehensive nature and user-friendly design, will become an invaluable resource for researchers, editors, and peer reviewers in public health and epidemiology.

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• 「주간 건강과 질병」 보고 지침 개발
  수영 김, 석현 유, 소연 류, 선 허, 미나 하, 보율 최, 원영 정
  Public Health Weekly Report.2025; 18(9): 399.     CrossRef

Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop a reporting guideline for epidemiological survey reports, referred to as “Guidelines for Survey Reporting (G-SURE).”

Methods: To develop G-SURE, we adopted a systematic approach, starting with a detailed review of recent survey reports in Public Health Weekly Report, Eurosurveillance, and Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report and an analysis of current reporting standards. After drafting the guidelines, our team conducted an in-depth internal evaluation to assess their effectiveness and applicability. We then refined the guidelines based on insights from external experts and potential users, particularly those with significant experience in survey reporting. The plan also includes ongoing efforts to widely share the guidelines and update them periodically, incorporating new findings and user feedback.

Results: G-SURE will provide a structured framework for reporting outbreak investigations, comprising a detailed checklist and Explanation & Elaboration documents. These will improve the transparency, consistency, and quality of public health documentation.

Conclusion: In this protocol article, we introduce G-SURE, a guideline developed to improve epidemiological survey research. G-SURE addresses the critical need for uniform reporting standards in epidemiological surveys, aiming to improve the quality and relevance of research outcomes in this area. This guideline is also designed to be a key resource for peer reviewers and editors, aiding them in efficiently assessing the thoroughness and accuracy of survey reports. By providing consistent reporting criteria, G-SURE seeks to minimize confusion and irregularities, which are often encountered in the process of scientific publication.

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Citations to this article as recorded by  

• 「주간 건강과 질병」 보고 지침 개발
  수영 김, 석현 유, 소연 류, 선 허, 미나 하, 보율 최, 원영 정
  Public Health Weekly Report.2025; 18(9): 399.     CrossRef

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Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Unresolved policy on the new placement of 2,000 entrants at Korean medical schools and this issue of Ewha Medical Journal
  Sun Huh
  The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

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Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Unresolved policy on the new placement of 2,000 entrants at Korean medical schools and this issue of Ewha Medical Journal
  Sun Huh
  The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef